Effect of rubber particle size and rubber type on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened nylon 6

Laura, D. M.; Keskkula, H.; Barlow, J. W.; Paul, Donald R

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00221-0

Cited by 79 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similar trend was observed in flexural properties. According to Laura et al, 11 the characteristics of the leastomer are important to blend performances. The higher tensile strength and modulus of EPR elastomer as compared to POE probably accounts for the higher values for tensile strength and modulus of the nanocomposites containing EPR.…”

Section: The Effect Of Types Of Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous papers have shown that simultaneous use of rubber-toughening and filler reinforcement had produced a material with a balance of stiffness/strength and toughness. [11][12][13] It is thought that rubber toughened polymer nanocomposites may lead to a more exciting high performance material, which combines the advantages of y To whom correspondence should be addressed (Fax: +607-5581463, E-mail: azmanh@fkkksa.utm.my).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Rubber Type and Rubber Functionality on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Rubber-toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Wahit

Hassan

Ishak

et al. 2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Rubber toughened polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP) nanocomposites containing 4 wt % of organophilic modified montmorilonite (OMMT) were produced by melt compounding followed by injection moulding. Four different types of elastomer were incorporated into the blends as a toughener, i.e., ethylene-octene elastomer (POE), ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPR), maleated POE (POEgMAH) and maleated EPR (EPRgMAH). The influences of maleating on the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated in term of mechanical testing, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The results showed that modulus and strength of the nanocomposites was not significantly affected by types of elastomer and their functionality. However, the toughness of the nanocomposites toughened by maleated elastomer was higher than the unmaleated elastomer. The SEM observation revealed that rubber functionality reduces the elastomer particle size in the PA6/PP matrix due to the in situ formation of graft copolymer between maleated elastomer and PA6 during melt processing. XRD revealed that the type of elastomer and functionality did not affect the dispersion of the organoclay in the system.

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Section: The Effect Of Types Of Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Rubber Type and Rubber Functionality on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Rubber-toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Wahit

Hassan

Ishak

et al. 2006

Polym J

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“…More recently, also so called ternary or hybrid composites have gained increasing attention in the scientific community, opting for a synergistic effect of the three component materials (e.g. PP with fibers and rubber particles or PP with hard particles and rubber particles) on properties and/or cost reduction [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. During compounding and especially during final part shaping in injection molding and extrusion pro-cessing, the spatial arrangement of the fillers is controlled by the local conditions of the melt flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropy and compression/tension asymmetry of PP containing soft and hard particles and short glass fibers

Hartl¹,

Jerabek²,

Lang³

2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Polypropylene (PP) composites are used in a wide range of structural applications. Except for fiber reinforced PP, most PP particle composites are commonly considered to be isotropic or at least quasi-isotropic. In this paper, however, the anisotropy of several PP composites containing soft (rubber) and hard (talc) particles and glass fibers is characterized in detail in terms of the material microstructure as well as the resulting mechanical properties in monotonic tensile and compressive experiments. The microstructural investigations showed that all composites displayed a certain surface-core layer structure of distinctly different orientation patterns and with a higher degree of orientation in the surface layer. Also in mechanical testing an anisotropic behavior was observed with the degree of anisotropy being more pronounced in tension than compression. Moreover, the compression/tension asymmetry also strongly depends on filler type and orientation.

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“…The high amount of particles enables fracture mechanisms like voiding or matrix yielding to take place. The influence of particle size, amount and type of modifier on the deformation mechanism [3] and the influence of matrix ligament thickness on the brittle-tough transition [2,4] is well understood. By adding rubbers as impact modifiers impact strength and viscosity of the blends are increased but stiffness and strength are reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological studies on block copolymer modified PA 6 blends

Poindl

Bonten

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Recent studies show that compounding polyamide 6 (PA 6) with a PA 6 polyether block copolymers made by reaction injection molding (RIM) or continuous anionic polymerization in a reactive extrusion process (REX) result in blends with high impact strength and high stiffness compared to conventional rubber blends. In this paper, different high impact PA 6 blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder. The different impact modifiers were an ethylene propylene copolymer, a PA PA 6 polyether block copolymer made by reaction injection molding and one made by reactive extrusion. To ensure good particle matrix bonding, the ethylene propylene copolymer was grafted with maleic anhydride (EPR-g-MA). Due to the molecular structure of the two block copolymers, a coupling agent was not necessary. The block copolymers are semi-crystalline and partially cross-linked in contrast to commonly used amorphous rubbers which are usually uncured. The combination of different analysis methods like atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave a detailed view in the structure of the blends. Due to the partial cross-linking, the particles of the block copolymers in the blends are not spherical like the ones of ethylene propylene copolymer. The differences in molecular structure, miscibility and grafting of the impact modifiers result in different mechanical properties and different blend morphologies.

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Effect of rubber particle size and rubber type on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened nylon 6

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

The Effect of Rubber Type and Rubber Functionality on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Rubber-toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites

The Effect of Rubber Type and Rubber Functionality on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Rubber-toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Anisotropy and compression/tension asymmetry of PP containing soft and hard particles and short glass fibers

Morphological studies on block copolymer modified PA 6 blends

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