Effect of Salmon Calcitonin on Femoral Bone Quality in Adult Ovariectomized Ewes

Geusens, Piet; Boonen, Steven; Nijs, J; Jiang, Yanyun; Lowet, G; Auderkercke, R Van; Huyghe, C.; Caulin, F.; Very, J. M.; Dequeker, Jan; Perre, Georges Van der

doi:10.1007/s002239900132

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Since those reports, our group (Newman et al, 1995;Thorndike and Turner, 1999) and others (Pastoureau et al, 1989;Hornby et al, 1994;Atley, 1996;Geusens, 1996;O'Connell, 1999) have documented osteopenia in sheep following OVX as well as the response to various agents such as estradiol implants (Turner et al, 1995a,b;O'Connell, 1999), salmon calcitonin (Geusens et al, 1996), and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene (Turner et al, 1999a). Our earlier findings showed a significant decline in cancellous bone volume (BV/TV%) of the iliac crest following OVX (Turner et al, 1993).…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…To evaluate the effect of salmon calcitonin on bone mass, compression (lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck), torsional stress (femoral neck only) and resonant frequency were measured in excised femoral neck and lumbar vertebral sam- Percentage change (mean + SE) in lumbar spine BMD after 6 months of treatment with estradiol implants (OVXE), and two doses of the SERM, raloxifene (see Turner et al, 1999a for details). Running title: Animal models -osteoporosis ples from OVX sheep (Geusens, 1992;Geusens, 1996). In that study, bone mass was measured using DXA and dualenergy quantitative computed tomography (DEQCT).…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

2001

eCM

243

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There is a great need to further characterise the available animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis, for the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, investigation of new therapies (e.g. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)) and evaluation of prosthetic devices in osteoporotic bone. Animal models that have been used in the past include non-human primates, dogs, cats, rodents, rabbits, guinea pigs and minipigs, all of which have advantages and disadvantages. Sheep are a promising model for various reasons: they are docile, easy to handle and house, relatively inexpensive, available in large numbers, spontaneously ovulate, and the sheep's bones are large enough to evaluate orthopaedic implants. Most animal models have used females and osteoporosis in the male has been largely ignored. Recently, interest in development of appropriate prosthetic devices which would stimulate osseointegration into osteoporotic, appendicular, axial and mandibular bone has intensified. Augmentation of osteopenic lumbar vertebrae with bioactive ceramics (vertebroplasty) is another area that will require testing in the appropriate animal model. Using experimental animal models for the study of these different facets of osteoporosis minimizes some of the difficulties associated with studying the disease in humans, namely time and behavioral variability among test subjects. New experimental drug therapies and orthopaedic implants can potentially be tested on large numbers of animals subjected to a level of experimental control impossible in human clinical research.

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Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

2001

eCM

243

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“…Recent research has demonstrated that the BMD of the vertebral body in ovariectomized sheep exhibits a significant downward trend after 1 year; however, no statistically significant difference was identified when compared with a sham-control group (18). It has been suggested that a short-term ovariectomized sheep model should be defined as an osteopenia model, rather than an osteoporosis model (29). Lill et al (12) hypothesized that >1 year was required to establish an osteoporosis model using an ovariectomy alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geusens et al (29) observed that at 6 months after an ovariectomy, bone mass in the femoral neck of sheep decreased by between 3 and 9%; however, no statistically significant difference was observed when compared with a (9,12) found that following application of an ovariectomy and restricted calcium intake, the BMD of the radius in sheep decreased by 5.5%. In the study by Turner et al (32), the BMD was shown to decrease by 3-8%.…”

Section: Johnson Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of ovariectomy on the properties of bone in goats

Wang

Tang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Large animal models of osteoporosis are essential for osteoporosis research. However, the time required to establish an accurate osteoporosis model is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a large animal model of osteoporosis in goats. In total, 14 Chinese goats were divided into an ovariectomized (OVX, n=7) or sham-operated (SHAM, n=7) group. Vertebral bodies were used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) prior to the ovariectomy and at 24 months after the ovariectomy. In addition, the BMD of the femoral neck, femoral diaphysis and tibial diaphysis were measured 24 months postoperatively. Bone samples from the vertebral body, femoral head and femoral neck were scanned by micro-computed tomography (CT) to visualize the trabecular and cortical microstructure. Furthermore, the vertebral body, femoral head, femoral neck and tibial diaphysis were analyzed for mechanical strength. The BMD of vertebral body of the OVX group decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 24 months after the ovariectomy when compared with the baseline measurements. Micro-CT scans of the vertebral body revealed that the bone volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and the degree of anisotropy decreased by 37.1, 36.7, 10.5 and 16.5%, respectively (P<0.01) in the OVX group when compared with the SHAM group. Additionally, the specific bone surface and trabecular spacing significantly increased by 37.7 and 62%, respectively in the OVX group (P<0.001). Cortical bone porosity in the vertebral body and femoral neck was greater in the OVX group when compared with the SHAM group (P<0.05). In addition, mechanical testing revealed a statistically significant difference between the vertebral bodies of the OVX group and the SHAM group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that an ovariectomy was able to induce significant osteoporosis and deterioration of mechanical properties in the bones of goats.

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“…(24,25) We have shown that salmon calcitonin (sCT) preserved BMD measured by DXA and bone strength in trabecular bone of the femoral neck in sheep treated with sCT. (26) In postmenopausal women injected with sCT, the initial sCT study showed clinical efficacy. (27) It prevents trabecular bone loss when given immediately after menopause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Femoral Neck Trabecular Microstructure in Ovariectomized Ewes Treated With Calcitonin: MRI Microscopic Evaluation

Jiang¹,

Zhao²,

Geusens³

et al. 2005

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Ovariectomy induces deterioration of the trabecular structure in the femoral neck of ewes, as depicted by MR microscopic imaging. This structural deterioration is prevented by salmon calcitonin treatment.Introduction: This study evaluated the trabecular (Tb) microarchitecture of an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic model in ewes and determined the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT), an osteoclast inhibitor, on the Tb structure. This is the first report of OVX-induced changes in the Tb structure in the femoral neck in the ewes and effect of sCT on the microarchitecture. Materials and Methods: Ewes (5-8 years old, n ‫ס‬ 28) were equally allocated into sham (Sham), OVX injected with vehicle, or OVX injected with sCT at 50 or 100 IU, three injections per week. They were killed 6 months after OVX. The femoral neck was examined with an MR imager at 9.4 T in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. An internal calibration procedure as a means of standardizing image analysis was used to adjust the segmentation threshold. Data from all three planes were averaged. Results and Conclusions: Compared with Sham, OVX induced significant changes (p < 0.0125) in the MRIderived femoral neck Tb structure: Tb bone volume fraction (BV/TV), -18%; Tb number, -20%; Tb separation, +23%; number of free ends, +28%; number of nodes, -39%; number of Tb branches, -23%; mean length of Tb branches, -19%. Compared with OVX, treatment of sCT at 100 IU significantly improved all the Tb structural parameters to the Sham level (p < 0.0001 ∼ p ‫ס‬ 0.0281), whereas 50 IU significantly increased the Tb number and the mean length of the Tb branches. BV/TV explained 74% of the variation of compressive stress of the trabecular cylinder cores of the femoral neck. Combining all structural parameters in a multivariate regression analysis significantly improved the explanation to 84%, and adding BMD further improved the predictive ability of the model to 92%. We conclude that OVX induces deterioration of the MRI-derived Tb microstructure in the femoral neck of ewes. sCT treatment prevents OVX-induced changes. The femoral neck microarchitecture significantly correlates with its biomechanical properties. Combining microstructural parameters with BMD further improves the prediction of bone biomechanical properties. The effects of sCT on OVX ewes may help explain reduced fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with sCT.

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Effect of Salmon Calcitonin on Femoral Bone Quality in Adult Ovariectomized Ewes

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

Long-term effects of ovariectomy on the properties of bone in goats

Femoral Neck Trabecular Microstructure in Ovariectomized Ewes Treated With Calcitonin: MRI Microscopic Evaluation

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