Effect of salt stress on Growth and Ion accumulation of alfalfa <i>(Medicago sativa L.)</i> cultivars

Ashrafi, Ensiye; Razmjoo, Jamshid; Zahedi, Morteza

doi:10.1080/01904167.2018.1426017

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These ions’ transport to the shoot and vacuole sequestration is an extensively described salt tolerance mechanism for the maintenance of a healthy high K + /Na + ratio [ 77 ]. The decrease in Ca 2+ ions in the root tissue has also been previously observed in alfalfa plants under salinity stress [ 78 ], possibly related to a decreased uptake due to a reduced calcium activity in NaCl-rich soil solutions. Indeed, Na + and Cl − ions compete with other ions such as K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and NH 4 + as well as SO 4 2− and NO 3 − , respectively, for the ion transporters during root uptake and translocation in plant shoots as well as during their use in biochemical processes such as enzymatic reactions [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Strategies to Apply Water-Deficit Stress: Similarities and Disparities at the Whole Plant Metabolism Level in Medicago truncatula

Castañeda

González

2021

IJMS

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Water-deficit stresses such as drought and salinity are the most important factors limiting crop productivity. Hence, understanding the plant responses to these stresses is key for the improvement of their tolerance and yield. In this study M. truncatula plants were subjected to 250 mM NaCl as well as reduced irrigation (No-W) and 250 g/L polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 to induce salinity and drought stress, respectively, provoking a drop to −1.7 MPa in leaf water potential. The whole plant physiology and metabolism was explored by characterizing the stress responses at root, phloem sap and leaf organ level. PEG treatment led to some typical responses of plants to drought stress, but in addition to PEG uptake, an important impairment of nutrient uptake and a different regulation of carbon metabolism could be observed compared to No-W plants. No-W plants showed an important redistribution of antioxidants and assimilates to the root tissue, with a distinctive increase in root proline degradation and alkaline invertase activity. On the contrary, salinity provoked an increase in leaf starch and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting key roles in the plant response to this stress. Overall, results suggest higher protection of salt-stressed shoots and non-irrigated roots through different mechanisms, including the regulation of proline and carbon metabolism, while discarding PEG as safe mimicker of drought. This raises the need to understand the effect at the whole plant level of the different strategies employed to apply water-deficit stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Strategies to Apply Water-Deficit Stress: Similarities and Disparities at the Whole Plant Metabolism Level in Medicago truncatula

Castañeda

González

2021

IJMS

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“…Despite this, the K + /Na + ratio is still widely employed as a robust marker for salinity tolerance [22,[87][88][89][90] and SA tolerance (Table S1). Practically, the initial soil cation nutrients, including K, under SA field conditions were obviously different from the initial solution nutrients in the Hoagland's solution (Table S6.1) [23,30,32,37,39], as indicated by the cation contents in the alfalfa plants under nonstressed treatments between controlled solution conditions and the present field soil conditions in Tables S6.1 and 6.2. In such cases, alfalfa plants were supplied with initial contrasting contents of important cation nutrients, especially K and Ca under SA field conditions compared with solution conditions (Tables S6.…”

Section: Identification Of the Best Markers For Predicting The Salinementioning

confidence: 76%

“…It is well known that Mg 2+ is essential for protein synthesis and chlorophyll structure, being an activator for many photosynthetic and respiratory enzymes [37]. More importantly, the accumulation of cations, including Mg 2+ , as important nutrients, might also be an important mechanism in the plant response to SA stress by maintaining ion homeostasis [38,76] and contributing to signaling and enzyme activity [34].…”

Section: Identification Of the Best Markers For Predicting The Salinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relationship between the SATC of the shoot Mg 2+ and the SA tolerance (D) was relatively weak (Table S5), likely due to the lower soil Mg 2+ content in contrast to soil Ca 2+ and Na + (Table 1). Additionally, the inhibition of Mg 2+ uptake by Na + and Ca 2+ occurs under SA conditions [37,39]. Furthermore, the SATC of the shoot Mg 2+ /Na + ratio was significantly positively correlated with that of shoot Ca 2+ /Na + ratio (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), indicating the importance of the SATC of the shoot Mg 2+ /Na + ratio in predicting the SA tolerance of alfalfa.…”

Section: Identification Of the Best Markers For Predicting The Salinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ca2+/Na+ Ratio as a Critical Marker for Field Evaluation of Saline-Alkaline Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

et al. 2020

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Current indices of saline-alkaline (SA) tolerance are mainly based on the traditional growth and physiological indices for salinity tolerance and likely affect the accuracy of alfalfa tolerance predictions. We determined whether the inclusion of soil alkalinity-affected indices, particularly Ca2+, Mg2+, and their ratios to Na+ in plants, based on the traditional method could improve the prediction accuracy of SA tolerance in alfalfa, determine important indices for SA tolerance, and identify suitable alfalfa cultivars in alkaline salt-affected soils. Fifty alfalfa cultivars were evaluated for their SA tolerance under SA and non-SA field conditions. The SA-tolerance coefficient (SATC) for each investigated index of the alfalfa shoot was calculated as the ratio of SA to non-SA field conditions, and the contribution of SATC under different growth and physiological indices to SA tolerance was quantified based on the inclusion/exclusion of special alkalinity-affected indices. The traditional method, excluding the special alkalinity-affected indices, explained nearly all of the variation in alfalfa SA tolerance, and the most important predictor was the SATC of stem length. The new method, which included these special alkalinity-affected indices, had similar explanatory power but instead identified the SATC of shoot Ca2+/Na+ ratio, followed by that of stem length, as key markers for the field evaluation of SA tolerance. Ca2+, Mg2+, and their ratios to Na+ hold promise for enhancing the robustness of SA-tolerance predictions in alfalfa. These results encourage further investigation into the involvement of Ca2+ in such predictions in other plant species and soil types under more alkaline salt-affected conditions.

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“…This might in part explain the plant growth reduction and low shoot mass of alfalfa at high salt stress, as discussed in the previous section. The high concentrations of sodium and chloride ions in soil solutions may decrease the calcium, potassium, and magnesium activities in alfalfa [70] and also decrease nitrogen accumulation [71,72]. High salt stress increases the concentrations of sodium, total sulfur, chloride, magnesium, and phosphorus, and decreases the concentrations of potassium and calcium in the shoots of alfalfa genotypes [38].…”

Section: Effect Of Salt Stress On Ion Uptake In Alfalfa Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review

Bhattarai

Biswas

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume forage crop. However, its genetic improvement for salt tolerance is challenging, as alfalfa’s response to salt stress is genetically and physiologically complex. A review was made to update the knowledge of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of alfalfa plants to salt stress, and to discuss the potential of applying modern plant technologies to enhance alfalfa salt-resistant breeding, including genomic selection, RNA-Seq analysis, and cutting-edge Synchrotron beamlines. It is clear that alfalfa salt tolerance can be better characterized, genes conditioning salt tolerance be identified, and new marker-based tools be developed to accelerate alfalfa breeding for salt tolerance.

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Effect of salt stress on Growth and Ion accumulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

Strategies to Apply Water-Deficit Stress: Similarities and Disparities at the Whole Plant Metabolism Level in Medicago truncatula

Strategies to Apply Water-Deficit Stress: Similarities and Disparities at the Whole Plant Metabolism Level in Medicago truncatula

Ca2+/Na+ Ratio as a Critical Marker for Field Evaluation of Saline-Alkaline Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review

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