Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Blackshaw, A. W.; Hamilton, David W.; Massey, PF

doi:10.1071/bi9731395

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The enzyme hydrolysing I-naphthyl phosphate was described as being interstitial in origin and particulate, but in our hands, when I-naphthyl phosphate was used as substrate and Fast Blue BB as coupler the histochemical distribution of acid phosphatase was tubular with little activity in the interstitial tissue. The histochemical reactions of the dehydrogenases studied differ from those reported by Kormano et al (1964) and Blackshaw et al (1973). In those reports LDH was described mainly in the interstitial tissue and Kormano et al (1964) could not distinguish its distribution from that of lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

The Effect of Cryptorchidism on the Quantitative Histology, Histochemistry and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of the Rat Testis

Blackshaw¹,

Massey²

1978

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Cryptorchidism of the mature rat testis led to degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and changes in enzyme patterns and activities. Spermatogenic stages 1--4, containing pachytene primary spermatocytes in late meiotic prophase, and stage 5, containing recently formed round spermatids, were damaged by 48 h. Within 96 h stages showed a loss of germinal cells into the lumen and this was almost complete by 192 h.Acid phosphatase showed increased histochemical activity in the basal area of the seminiferous tubule up to 96 h of cryptorchidism, and at 192 h much of the activity was located in large lipidcontaining bodies within the remaining seminiferous epithelium.Total and free biochemical acid phosphatase decreased during cryptorchidism in parallel with cell loss; there were no significant changes in total cathepsin D activity but free enzyme activity was increased throughout the experimental period indicating increased lability of lysosomes in the Sertoli cell.Lactate dehydrogenase activity was mainly tubular but succinate dehydrogenase also showed interstitial activity. Lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH) was found mainly in the interstitium. During cryptorchidism both lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased in the tubules parallel to the loss of germinal cells, whereas lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH) activity increased in both interstitial and tubular areas.It is suggested that the initial lesion in the seminiferous epithelium, produced by cryptorchidism is in the Sertoli cell and that germ cell damage may result from reduced function of the Sertoli cell IntroductionArtificial cryptorchidism has been shown to produce degenerative changes in the histology of the seminiferous epithelium (Moore 1924;Nelson 1951) with marked damage to and loss of germ cells within 7 days of the operation (Moore 1924; Jgboeli and Foote 1969). Clegg (1963a) showed an apparent increase in the number of Sertoli cell nuclei in the cryptorchid testes and also quantified germ cell loss from 5 to 35 days of cryptorchidism (Clegg 1963b). The seminiferous epithelial cycle was not altered after 2 days of cryptorchidism (Niemi and Kormano 1965), but considerable disruption occurred by 4 days, particularly to tubules in stage 7 (Leblond and Clermont 1952) and by 8 days the epithelium was completely disorganized.Enzymic changes in the testes after relatively long periods of cryptorchidism have been described by Kormano et al. (1964) in the rat and by Blackshaw and Samisoni (1966) in the guinea-pig. Preliminary accounts of early histochemical changes in the rat testis have been given by Blackshaw and Hamilton (1971).Accumulation of lipid occurs in the cryptorchid testicular tubules as degeneration proceeds (Clegg 1963b;Kormano et al. 1964) and the characteristics of the lipids have been examined by Fleeger et al. (1968aFleeger et al. ( , 1968b.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

The Effect of Cryptorchidism on the Quantitative Histology, Histochemistry and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of the Rat Testis

Blackshaw¹,

Massey²

1978

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…One important cause of infertility in the cryptorchid testis is prolonged exposure to a relatively high abdominal temperature, which leads to the disruption of spermatogenesis [3][4][5][6]. This condition has been reported extensively as a stress factor that rapidly induces apoptotic death of developing germ cells [7][8][9], with virtually no damage to the Sertoli cell population [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Lipids Containing Long- and Very Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cryptorchid Rat Testes1

Furland

Maldonado

Aresti

et al. 2007

Biology of Reproduction

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The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of experimental cryptorchidism on rat testicular phospholipids and neutral lipids that contain long-chain (C(18)-C(22)) and very long-chain (VLC) (C(24)-C(32)) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The weight of the cryptorchid testis was nearly half that of the contralateral control at postsurgical Days 7-10 owing to the depletion of germ cells. Concomitantly, the amounts of major glycerophospholipids (GPL) and sphingomyelin (SM) per testis decreased. Both these lipids lost their characteristic long-chain and very long-chain PUFA, notably 22:5n-6 and 28:4n-6, respectively, which suggests that these species are linked to the membranes of germ cells. In contrast, the amounts and concentrations of triglycerides (TG; triacylglycerols and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols) and cholesterol esters (CE) increased several fold in the surviving cells (mainly Sertoli cells) in the cryptorchid testis. All these neutral lipids, but especially CE, accumulated large amounts of the major PUFA of the testis, 22:5n-6, as well as pentaenes with longer carbon chains (i.e., 24:5n-6 in TG and 28:5n-6 in CE). This accretion suggests that neutral lipids may store preformed PUFA coming from dying germ cell GPL and also VLCPUFA no longer needed as a source of PUFA destined to assemble new germ cell GPL. The lipid adjustments observed in cryptorchidism suggest a possible role for Sertoli cell CE in the turnover and conservation of PUFA within seminiferous tubules.

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“…The first signs of histological damage to the germinal epithelium of a number of species after local heat treatment occur in the pachytene primary spermatocytes (Waites & Ortavant, 1968;Mazzari, du Mesnil due Buisson & Ortavant, 1968;Chowdhury & Steinberger, 1964, 1970VanDemark & Free, 1970;Samisoni, 1972). Histological damage to the pachytene primary spermatocytes occurred within one hour of immersing rat testis in water at 420 C for 30 min (Blackshaw, Hamilton & Massey, 1973); changes in the distribution of enzymes were observed which appeared to be correlated to this damage, possibly due to the increased fragility of testicular lysosomes after heating (Blackshaw & Hamilton, 1970). It was suggested therefore that the cytoplasmic membranes of the late meiotic prophase of pachytene spermatocytes are damaged by heat so that intracellular ionic imbalance occurs causing mitochondrial damage and activation of lysosomes leading to autolysis of the cell (Blackshaw et al 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on the potential difference and input resistance of rat seminiferous tubules

Gladwell¹

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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Exposing testes to a temperature of 37-43°C resulted in an initial hyperpolarization followed by depolarization of the tubules. These changes were more rapid in testes exposed to 41-43°C than in testes exposed to 37-390 C.2. The R,. of seminiferous tubules was 198 + 7-8 kQ at a testis temperature of 330 C. The Rin decreased when testes were maintained at 37 and 41°C, the rate of decrease being similar to the rate ofdepolarization. 3. Exposing testes to deep body temperature by unilateral surgical cryptorchidism caused a reduction of 30 and 64 % in tubular p.d. and R,. respectively when measured 24 hr after surgery. Exposure to deep body temperature for up to 4 days did not cause any further change in either parameter.4. There was no evidence that lanthanum penetrated through the Sertoli cell tight junctions after exposing testes to 410 C for up to 30 min.5. The results indicate that the seminiferous tubule p.d. is maintained by a temperature-sensitive, cellular mechanism. Exposing testes to deep body temperature or above depolarized the tubules and increased their permeability.

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Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

The Effect of Cryptorchidism on the Quantitative Histology, Histochemistry and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of the Rat Testis

The Effect of Cryptorchidism on the Quantitative Histology, Histochemistry and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of the Rat Testis

Changes in Lipids Containing Long- and Very Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cryptorchid Rat Testes1

The effect of temperature on the potential difference and input resistance of rat seminiferous tubules

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