Effect of Season of Burning and Mowing on an Eastern Nebraska Stipa-Andropogon Prairie

Hover, Edward I.; Bragg, Thomas B.

doi:10.2307/2425005

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Community composition is crucial to the success of the burn. In tall-grass prairies, early spring burning suppress smooth brome at a time when the native, warm-season grasses are dormant (Hover and Bragg 1981). However, in fescue prairies in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, spring burning may adversely affect the dominant native cool-season grasses (Anderson and Bailey 1980;Redmann et al 1993) and increase the abundance of smooth brome .…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Otfinowski

Kenkel²,

Catling³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

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Otfinowski, R., Kenkel, N. C. and Catling, P. M. 2007. The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a native of central Eurasia, was introduced to Canada as a forage and hay crop around 1888. Early reports of plants escaped from cultivation appear in 1903, and based on the number of collections prior to 1920, smooth brome spread most rapidly in western Canada. It is common along roadsides, forest margins, clearings, shorelines and disturbed areas, but its most detrimental impact is on the diversity of prairies and native grasslands. For example, in Riding Mountain National Park, MB, plant diversity of fescue prairies recently invaded by smooth brome decreased by 70%. Vegetative proliferation through underground rhizomes is key to the invasiveness of smooth brome, but long-range dispersal of seeds is facilitated by animals, wind and the transport of hay. Smooth brome is effectively controlled using selective applications of glyphosate and well-timed clipping. However, restoration of infested areas depends on the composition of native seed banks. Smooth brome remains valuable as a forage and cover crop in every province and territory in Canada. [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Le brome inerme (Bromus inermis Leyss.), plante indigène du centre de l'Eurasie, a été introduit au Canada pour la production fourragère vers 1888. Les premiers rapports mentionnant des plants retournés à l'état sauvage datent de 1903. D'après le nombre de prélèvements effectués avant 1920, on constate cependant que l'espèce s'est répan-due plus rapidement dans l'ouest du pays. Le brome inerme colonise souvent le bas-côté des routes, la lisière des bois, les clairières, les rivages et les terres perturbées, mais l'espèce nuit le plus à la diversité de la flore des prairies et des pâturages naturels. Dans le parc national Riding Mountain, au Manitoba, on a noté une diminution de la diversité des plantes de 70 % dans les prairies à fétuques récemment envahies par le brome inerme. L'efficacité du brome inerme vient essentiellement de sa reproduction végé-tative par rhizomes, mais les animaux, le vent et le transport du foin favorisent la dispersion des graines sur de grandes distances. L'application sélective de glyphosate et une coupe opportune permettent une lutte efficace contre cette adventice. Toutefois, la restauration des lieux infestés dépend de la composition des réserves de semences indigènes. Le brome inerme garde son utilité comme culture fourragère et culture abri dans toutes les provinces et tous les territoires du Canada. Mots clés: Bromus inermis Description and Account of Variation(a) Description. Rhizomatous perennial, 2-15 dm tall, the culms topped with open panicles 5-20 cm long with ascending or spreading branches. Rhizomes up to 1.5 m long without branching or producing stems, 2-5 mm wide, with pale scales. Culms smooth...

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Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Otfinowski

Kenkel²,

Catling³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An increased nutrient supply after burning has a positive effect on productivity. Hover & Bragg (1981) and Hulbert (1988) argued that physical removal of standing dead vegetation and warming of soil is an important consequence of burning. Menaut & Cesar (1979) reported that in burned areas herbaceous and woody species develop a larger root system and generate greater productivity.…”

Section: Net Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of winter fire on primary productivity and nutrient concentration of a dry tropical savanna

Singh

1993

Vegetatio

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Burning increased the mean annual canopy and belowground biomass of a dry tropical savanna by 40 % and 12~o, respectively, while littermass was reduced by 85~o in comparison to control savanna. Mean annual aboveground and belowground net primary production were 471 and 631 g m -2 in control, and 584 and 688 g m-2 in burned savanna, respectively. Fire caused an increase in mean aboveground net production of 24 ~o and in belowground net production of 9 %.Concentration of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetation of unburned plots ranged between 34.01-38.59~o, 0.85-1.53% and 0.04-0.11% and in soil from 0.95-1~o, 0.011-0.13~o and 0.017-0.02~o, respectively. Fire increased the mean concentrations of N and P by 16% and 42~o in vegetation and 18.18% and 17.65% in soil, respectively. Thus winter fire can be an important tool for the management of dry tropical savanna with respect to biomass production and nutritive quality.Nomenclature: Verma et al. 1985

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“…In the aspen/tall-grass ecotone of northwestern Minnesota, for example, thirteen years of annual burning produced a cumulative effect that favored a significant reduction in the number of Populus tremuloides sucker shoots and a reduction by 50 percent of cool-season Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), but a threefold increase in warm-season Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) (Svedarsky, Buckley, and Feiro 1986). A similar study in eastern Nebraska (Hover and Bragg 1981) showed that burning favored the growth of cooland warm-season grasses depending on the timing of the burn. Andropogon gerardii , for example, was favored by spring fires, whereas the cool-season Stipa spartea (porcupine grass) was favored by summer fires (Hover and Bragg,13).…”

Section: Grasslands and Firementioning

confidence: 83%

Identification of Anthropogenic Burning in the Paleoecological Record of the Northern Prairies: A New Approach

Boyd

2002

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Despite recent interest in the North American fire record, paleoecological evidence for the deliberate burning of grassland by hunter–gatherers has not previously been sought. Through the analysis of grass phytoliths preserved in a sequence of buried soil horizons in the Lauder Sandhills, southwestern Manitoba, Canada, this article reconstructs a local grassland fire record for the past 5,000 years. I propose that an apparent peak in fire frequency shortly after 2,500 14C years b.p. corresponds to the deliberate burning of prairie by Sonota–Besant (Plains Woodland) hunter–gatherers, rather than climatic “forcing.” This practice, which is clearly documented in the historic record, may have functioned as a means of making bison–herd movements more predictable and may have enabled higher human carrying capacities in the Plains Woodland period. This hypothesis is meant to stimulate multidisciplinary discussion on a significant, but neglected, topic.

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Effect of Season of Burning and Mowing on an Eastern Nebraska Stipa-Andropogon Prairie

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Effect of winter fire on primary productivity and nutrient concentration of a dry tropical savanna

Identification of Anthropogenic Burning in the Paleoecological Record of the Northern Prairies: A New Approach

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