Effect of seasonal variation on hospital admission due to cardiovascular disease - findings from an observational study in a divisional hospital in Bangladesh

Abstract

BackgroundSeasonal variation in the hospital admission due to cardiovascular disease (CVDs) has been widely reported. However, very limited data on Bangladesh is available regarding this matter. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on hospital admission due to CVDs in a leading hospital of Bangladesh.MethodsOver a period of two years (from May 2010 to April 2012), the number of patients hospitalized due to various CVDs and number of death among these hospitalized patients were recorded on a day-to-day basis. The data were recorded according to the chief reason of hospital admission such as myocardial infarction or MI (acute, old and non-ST elevation), unstable angina (UA), exaggeration of stable angina, acute left ventricular failure (LVF), cardiomyopathy (ischemic and dilated) or heart failure, syncope and arrhythmia. The data were cumulated and analyzed on month-wise and season-wise manner.ResultsA total of 8371 patients were admitted over the study period (5909 male and 2462 female; M/F ratio - 2.4:1). The highest number of patients were admitted during winter (n = 2839, 33.9%) and lowest during summer (n = 1648, 19.7%). The hospital admission was also significantly higher in winter compared to other seasons (p-value versus summer, autumn and spring was 0.018, 0.020 and 0.023 respectively). Acute MI (n = 2374), Acute LVF (n = 1582) and UA (n = 1277) were the top three reasons for hospitalization. Number of death also significantly higher in winter compared to other seasons (p-value versus summer, winter and spring was 0.044, 0.050 and 0.014 respectively).ConclusionA seasonal variation in the hospital admission due to CVDs with a peak in winter was clearly demonstrated in the study. These data could be useful to improve causative prevention measures, therapeutic management, and educational strategies.

Excess winter cardiovascular morbidity in Ivanovo Region in 2009-2013 years

“…This is in line with data from previous studies which testified to higher susceptibility of older people to increased cardiovascular risk during winter season [4,13]. Seasonality of CVDs morbidity in general is analyzed rarely, of its particular forms -more often, however, one of the studies has also reported an increase in medical aid appealability due to CVDs in general [14]. At the same time a research conducted in Oryol Region demonstrated highest incidence rate of CVD-related medical aid appealability both in-patient and out-patient medical centers during spring [8].…”

“…Это соответствует данным проведенных ранее иссле-дований, свидетельствующих о том, что лица пожилого воз-раста более чувствительны к повышенным рискам ССЗ в зим-ний период [4,13]. Сезонность заболеваемости ССЗ в це-лом анализируют редко, чаще отдельные формы, но в од-ном из исследований также зафиксировано повышение об-ращаемости за медицинской помощью по поводу ССЗ в це-лом [14]. В то же время в исследовании, выполненном в Ор-ловской области, наибольшая частота обращений за ме-дицинской помощью по поводу ССЗ, как в стационарные, так и в амбулаторно-поликлинические учреждения на-блюдалась весной [8].…”

Emerging Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Bangladesh

“…According to the morbidity profile of the patients admitted to five medical college hospitals in Bangladesh, myocardial infarction was at the 3 rd position (2.82%) as a cause of hospitalization in 2012, whereas acute myocardial infarction was the top leading cause (27.75%) of admissions in NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the same year 4) . Similarly, AMI was found to be the most common (28.4%) reason of hospitalizations in the cardiology department of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barisal, Bangladesh over a period of May 2010 to April 2012 22) . A global case-control study of risk factors for early acute myocardial infarction reported that the mean age (51.9 years) for the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction among Bangladeshi population was the lowest amongst all South Asians, and it was 6 years lower compared with the non-South Asians (58.8 years) 17) .…”

Seasonality of ER Admissions in Northwestern Pennsylvania: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The reason this is so well documented may be the fact that winter environmental conditions have already been closely related to CVD. In cold temperature people show more sympathetic activation (compensatory vasoconstriction mechanism) and higher sodium intake, both lead to an increase in blood pressure and heart rate [21] [27] [28]. Other behavioral factors related to the cold season, such as social withdrawal, high-fat diet consumption, and decreased physical activity, can also contribute to the seasonality of CVD [29].…”