Effect of selected rumen fauna on the digestion of
starch and outﬂow of α-glucose polymers from the
reticulo-rumen of sheep

Bełżecki, Grzegorz; Michałowski, Tadeusz

doi:10.22358/jafs/70515/2005

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In our study, we observed a decrease the amylolytic specific catalytic activity only in the group with inorganic Mn in comparison to the control group. The results are consistent with other studies in which a negative impact of ciliates on rumen amylolytic bacteria was found [ 44 , 45 ]. CMC-ase specific activity was increased by both Mn supplements in comparison to control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

et al. 2018

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Little is known about the effects of the high dose and types of manganese supplements on rumen environment at manganese intake level close above the limit of 150 mg/kg of dry feed matter. The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on rumen microbial ecosystem after four months of treatment of 18 lambs divided into three treatment groups were studied. We examined the enzyme activities (α-amylase, xylanase, and carboxymethyl cellulase), total and differential microscopic counts of rumen ciliates, total microscopic counts of bacteria, and fingerprinting pattern of the eubacterial and ciliates population analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Lambs were fed a basal diet with a basal Mn content (34.3 mg/kg dry matter; control) and supplemented either with inorganic manganous sulfate or organic Mn-chelate hydrate (daily 182.7, 184 mg/kg dry matter of feed, respectively). Basal diet, offered twice daily, consisted of ground barley and hay (268 and 732 g/kg dry matter per animal and day). The rumens of the lambs harbored ciliates of the genera of Entodinium, Epidinium, Diplodinium, Eudiplodinium, Dasytricha, and Isotricha. No significant differences between treatment groups were observed in the total ciliate number, the number of ciliates at the genus level, as well as the total number of bacteria. Organic Mn did decrease the species richness and diversity of the eubacterial population examined by PCR-DGGE. No effects of type of Mn supplement on the enzyme activities were observed. In comparison to the control, α-amylase specific activities were decreased and carboxymethyl-cellulase specific activities were increased by the Mn supplements. Xylanase activities were not influenced. In conclusion, our results suggested that the intake of tested inorganic and organic manganese supplements in excess may affect the specific groups of eubacteria. More studies on intake of Mn supplements at a level close to the limit can reveal if the changes in microbial population impact remarkably the other rumen enzymatic activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

et al. 2018

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“…The results show that the establishment of ciliates in the rumen increased the rumen fluid volume by about 18%. These results are consistent with previous studies by Bełżecki and Michałowski (2005). They disagree, however, with the findings of Orpin and Letcher (1984), who observed an increase in the rumen fluid volume following defaunation of sheep.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

2012

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The pool size of bacterial and protozoal matter in rumen fluid and the microbial matter passage rate to the omasum were determined in 3 sheep fed 750 g hay and 130 g ground barley every 12 h. The animals were either ciliate free or selectively faunated with Eudiplodinium maggii, Diploplastron affine, Entodinium caudatum, or natural protozoal fauna. Murein β-glycans were used as a marker to quantify the bacterial matter, whereas the dry matter content of single ciliates and their number were used to calculate protozoal matter. It was found that the total bacterial matter in the rumen fluid of ciliate-free sheep was 216 g and the pool size arriving in the duodenum, 231 g dry matter (DM). The protozoal matter varied from 24 to 71 g DM in the rumen fluid and from about 18 to 71 g DM in omasal influent. The dry matter of ciliate-associated bacteria varied from 11 to 23 g in the rumen and from over 5 to 23 g in the omasal influent. The establishment of ciliates reduced the pool size of bacterial matter by 17%-39% in the rumen and by 20%-38% in the omasal influent.

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“…The decrease of rumen protozoa in the inhibitor treatments corresponded with increase of amylolytic and saccharolytic bacteria, such as Treponema , Streptococcus , and Succinivibrio , all of which are known sugar-fermenting bacteria in the rumen (Stanton and Canale-Parola, 1980; Patterson and Hespell, 1985; O’Herrin and Kenealy, 1993; Nagaraja, 2016). The negative correlation between rumen protozoa and amylolytic bacteria has been previously noted (Arakaki et al, 1994; Bełżecki and Michałowski, 2005), and the increase of these bacteria could be attributed to the decreased predation and the lack of competition for starch from rumen protozoa (Eadie and Mann, 1970; Kurihara et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Inhibition of Rumen Protozoa by Specific Inhibitors of Lysozyme and Peptidases in vitro

Park

Mao

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Defaunation studies have shown that rumen protozoa are one of the main causes of low nitrogen utilization efficiency due to their bacterivory and subsequent intraruminal cycling of microbial protein in ruminants. In genomic and transcriptomic studies, we found that rumen protozoa expressed lysozymes and peptidases at high levels. We hypothesized that specific inhibition of lysozyme and peptidases could reduce the activity and growth of rumen protozoa, which can decrease their predation of microbes and proteolysis and subsequent ammoniagenesis by rumen microbiota. To test the above hypothesis, we evaluated three specific inhibitors: imidazole (IMI), a lysozyme inhibitor; phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor; and iodoacetamide (IOD), a cysteine protease inhibitor; both individually and in combinations, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a positive control. Rumen fluid was collected from two Jersey dairy cows fed either a concentrate-based dairy ration or only alfalfa hay. Each protozoa-enriched rumen fluid was incubated for 24 h with or without the aforementioned inhibitors and fed a mixture of ground wheat grain, alfalfa, and grass hays to support microbial growth. Live protozoa cells were morphologically identified and counted simultaneously at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of incubation. Fermentation characteristics and prokaryotic composition were determined and compared at the end of the incubation. Except for IOD, all the inhibitors reduced all the nine protozoal genera identified, but to different extents, in a time-dependent manner. IOD was the least inhibitory to protozoa, but it lowered ammoniagenesis the most while not decreasing feed digestibility or concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA). ANCOM analysis identified loss of Fibrobacter and overgrowth of Treponema, Streptococcus, and Succinivibrio in several inhibitor treatments. Functional prediction (from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences) using the CowPI database showed that the inhibitors decreased the relative abundance of the genes encoding amino acid metabolism, especially peptidases, and lysosome in the rumen microbiota. Overall, inhibition of protozoa resulted in alteration of prokaryotic microbiota and in vitro fermentation, and peptidases, especially cysteine-peptidase, may be targeted to improve nitrogen utilization in ruminants.

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Effect of selected rumen fauna on the digestion of starch and outﬂow of α-glucose polymers from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

Inhibition of Rumen Protozoa by Specific Inhibitors of Lysozyme and Peptidases in vitro

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