Effect of shade on body temperature and performance of feedlot steers1

Gaughan, J. B.; Bonner, Stephen; Loxton, I.; Mader, Terry L.; Lisle, Allan; Lawrence, Robert J.

doi:10.2527/jas.2010-2987

Cited by 123 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Brown-Brandl et al, 2006;Gaughan et al, 2010a and2010b). However, to our knowledge, it has not been used for this purpose in Belgian Blue cattle, and it has been used in only one other study on Holstein dairy cattle (Schütz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Rr and Ps As Indicators Of Thermal Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schütz et al, 2010). Classification of RRs into classes in accordance to PS classes suggested by Meat and Livestock Australia, were based on research on feedlot steers, mainly of the Angus breed (Gaughan et al 2008 and2010a). As pointed out in the introduction, Figure 5 Percentage of unshaded animals of different cattle breeds exhibiting normal (0 to 1), elevated (1 to 2), strongly elevated (2 to 3) and very strongly elevated (⩾3) PS under TNC, warm, hot and very hot climatic conditions.…”

Section: Rr and Ps As Indicators Of Thermal Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of summer conditions and shade on behavioural indicators of thermal discomfort in Holstein dairy and Belgian Blue beef cattle on pasture

laer¹,

Moons

Ampe³

et al. 2015

Animal

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Using behavioural indicators of thermal discomfort, that is, shade seeking, panting scores (PS) and respiration rate (RR), we evaluated the effect of hot summer conditions and shade, for a herd of adult Holstein dairy cows and a herd of Belgian Blue beef cows kept on pasture in a temperate area (Belgium). During the summer of 2012, both herds were kept on pasture without access to shade (NS). During the summers of 2011 and 2013 each herd was divided into one group with (S) and one without (NS) access to shade. Shade was provided by young trees with shade cloth (80% reduction in solar radiation) hung between them. For S cows, we investigated how shade use was related to hot conditions as quantified by six climatic indices. The heat load index (HLI), which incorporates air temperature and humidity, solar radiation and wind speed, was the best predictor of the six indices tested. In 2011, there was a relatively high threshold for use of shade. When HLI = 90, shade use probability reached 17% for dairy cows and 27% for beef cows. In 2013, however, at HLI = 90, shade use probability reached 48% for dairy cows and 41% for beef cows. For animals from the NS treatment we determined the effect of hot summer conditions on RR and PS (with 0 = no panting and 4.5 = extreme panting). In both types of cattle, an increase in black globe temperature was the best predictor for increasing RR and PS. Furthermore, we determined how the effect of hot summer conditions on RR and PS was affected by the use of shade. Under hot conditions (black globe temperature ⩾ 30°C), >50% of the animals under shade retained normal PS and RR (PS < 1 and RR < 90 breaths per minute), whereas normal RR and PS were significantly less prevalent for animals outside shade. Our findings suggest that, even in temperate summers, heat can induce thermal discomfort in cattle, as evidenced by increases in shade use, RR and PS, and that shade increases thermal comfort.

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Section: Rr and Ps As Indicators Of Thermal Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rr and Ps As Indicators Of Thermal Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of summer conditions and shade on behavioural indicators of thermal discomfort in Holstein dairy and Belgian Blue beef cattle on pasture

laer¹,

Moons

Ampe³

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…Water intake may increase markedly during periods of high heat load, e.g. in a feedlot study mean water intake increased from 32 to 82 L per steer per day as heat load increased (Gaughan et al 2010). Nutritional strategies used include changes to feeding frequency and time of feeding, and changes in ingredients, e.g.…”

Section: Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Charmley²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract.Climate change presents a range of challenges for animal agriculture in Australia. Livestock production will be affected by changes in temperature and water availability through impacts on pasture and forage crop quantity and quality, feed-grain production and price, and disease and pest distributions. This paper provides an overview of these impacts and the broader effects on landscape functionality, with a focus on recent research on effects of increasing temperature, changing rainfall patterns, and increased climate variability on animal health, growth, and reproduction, including through heat stress, and potential adaptation strategies. The rate of adoption of adaptation strategies by livestock producers will depend on perceptions of the uncertainty in projected climate and regional-scale impacts and associated risk. However, management changes adopted by farmers in parts of Australia during recent extended drought and associated heatwaves, trends consistent with long-term predicted climate patterns, provide some insights into the capacity for practical adaptation strategies.Animal production systems will also be significantly affected by climate change policy and national targets to address greenhouse gas emissions, since livestock are estimated to contribute~10% of Australia's total emissions and 8-11% of global emissions, with additional farm emissions associated with activities such as feed production. More than two-thirds of emissions are attributed to ruminant animals. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities facing livestock industries in Australia in adapting to and mitigating climate change. It examines the research needed to better define practical options to reduce the emissions intensity of livestock products, enhance adaptation opportunities, and support the continued contribution of animal agriculture to Australia's economy, environment, and regional communities.

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“…These doses were chosen to explore any possible dose responses present based on the results of previous studies (Bock et al 2002(Bock et al , 2004Loest et al 2002) and equated to~0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of the diet. Steers were housed in treatment groups within feedlot pens at a stocking rate of one steer per 18-19 m 2 (8-9 steers per pen) in the feedlot at The Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Brigalow Research Station, Theodore, Queensland, Australia, as previously described in Gaughan et al (2010). Shade was provided by shade cloth (80% solar block) with~3.2 m 2 of shade available per steer.…”

Section: Experimental Design-animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The summer climate in this region is characterised by high temperature, a high solar load and high humidity. An on-site automated weather station (as described by Gaughan et al 2010) located 15 m behind the feedlot collected climatic data every 30 min, which was used to calculate the heat load index (HLI). This experiment was part of a larger trial of 164 Black Angus steers as described by Gaughan et al (2010).…”

Section: Experimental Design-animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

DiGiacomo¹,

Warner

Leury³

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Dietary betaine supplementation improves water retention in steers and may influence lean-tissue deposition, while also acting as an osmolyte to help regulate cellular osmotic balance. This study investigated the interactions between shade and dietary betaine on carcass characteristics, tissue enzyme activity and gene expression in 48 feedlot steers during summer. Steers were randomly allocated to a 4 · 2 factorial design with the factors being dietary betaine (0, 10, 20 or 40 g) and shade (with and without shade) for 120 days. Tissue samples were obtained at slaughter and analysed for gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70/90) and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Carcasses were evaluated for quality. Carcass weight at slaughter was not altered by shade (P = 0.18) but tended to be increased by dietary betaine (306 v. 314 kg, P = 0.09). The P8 backfat was not altered by shade (P = 0.43) or dietary betaine (P = 0.32), although there was a within dietary betaine effect whereby P8 backfat tended to be greater in steers fed 10 g compared with 40 g betaine/day (17.4 v. 14.5 mm, P = 0.06). Muscle pH at 1 h (5.97 v. 6.03, P = 0.01) and 2 h (5.73 v. 5.80, P = 0.04) post-slaughter was higher in shaded steers, and muscle pH at 1 h post-slaughter was higher in steers fed 10 or 20 g than those fed 40 g betaine/day (6.03 v. 6.03 v. 5.95, P = 0.005). Gene expression was not altered by betaine, while adipose tissues expressed more of each gene than muscle (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of HSF1 and HSP90 was influenced by a shade · betaine interaction, although the direction of this interaction was irregular (P = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Adipose tissue FAS and G6PDH enzyme activity was unaffected by shade and betaine. The results of this study indicate that betaine supplementation may be a successful carcass modifier in growing feedlot steers during summer. Provision of shade during summer may reduce the rate of pH decline in the first 2 h after slaughter and reduce the risk of high rigor temperature.

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Effect of shade on body temperature and performance of feedlot steers1

Cited by 123 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of summer conditions and shade on behavioural indicators of thermal discomfort in Holstein dairy and Belgian Blue beef cattle on pasture

Effect of summer conditions and shade on behavioural indicators of thermal discomfort in Holstein dairy and Belgian Blue beef cattle on pasture

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

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