Effect of short and long exposure duration and dual-tasking on a global–local task

Andres, Allison; Fernandes, Myra A.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.12.002

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The experiment was based on a design developed by Andres and Fernandes (2006) and was presented on a PC notebook with a viewing aspect of 30.5 cm × 18.3 cm, and controlled by SuperLab Pro (version 2.0.4). Each trial began with a fixation cross (+) in the center of the screen that remained visible for 500 ms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global–local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.

Bialystok¹

2010

Developmental Psychology

232

193

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In three experiments, a total of 151 monolingual and bilingual 6-year-olds performed similarly on measures of language and cognitive ability but bilinguals solved the global-local and trail-making tasks more rapidly than monolinguals. This bilingual advantage was found not only for the traditionally demanding conditions, incongruent global-local trials and Trails B, but also for the conditions not usually considered to be cognitively demanding, congruent global-local trials and Trails A. All the children performed similarly when congruent trials were presented in a single block or perceptually simple stimuli were used, ruling out speed differences between the groups. The results demonstrate a bilingual advantage in processing complex stimuli in tasks that require executive processing components for conflict resolution, including switching and updating, even when no inhibition appears to be involved. They also suggest that simple conditions of the trail-making and global-local tasks involve some level of effortful processing for young children. Finally, the bilingual advantage in the trail-making task suggests that the interpretation of standardized measures of executive control needs to be reconsidered for children with specific experiences such as bilingualism. Keywordsbilingualism; executive function; global-local task; trail-making task; inhibition A growing body of evidence has established that bilingualism enhances children's development of executive control, one of the most crucial aspects of cognitive development (e.g., Diamond, 2002;Zelazo, 2004). Although there is no single account of executive control, an influential model by Miyake et al. (2000) identifies inhibition, updating, and switching as its relevant components. An adaptation of this model by Garon, Bryson and Smith (2008) using the subcomponents working memory, response inhibition, and shifting provides a coherent framework for understanding executive function development in preschool children. However, progress in understanding how experience affects these developmental patterns and eventually explains modifications in the typical pattern requires precise evidence for the processes and subprocesses that are impacted and the conditions under which the effects are demonstrated. The usual interpretation of the bilingual advantage in executive control traces these effects to one of the three components, namely, enhanced inhibitory control (Abutalebi & Green, Address for Correspondence: Ellen Bialystok Department of Psychology York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada ellenb@yorku.ca. Publisher's Disclaimer: The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated version. The American Psychological Association and its Council of Editors disclaim any responsibility or liabilities for errors or omissions of this manuscript version, any version derived...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global–local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.

Bialystok¹

2010

Developmental Psychology

232

193

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“…Navon defined these effects as the “global precedence effect” (GPE) which was further illustrated by the famous statement that one sees “the forest before the trees” (Navon, 1977). Although the GPE can be reduced or even reversed by factors such as task variables (Shedden and Reid, 2001; Volberg and Hübner, 2007), the sparcity between the local features (Martin, 1979), the position of local elements and the saliency of the global form (Ripoll et al, 2005), the visual angle (Lamb and Robertson, 1990), the exposure duration (Andres and Fernandes, 2006) and the meaningfulness of the stimuli (Poirel et al, 2006, 2008), the dominance of global information is a robust effect (see Kimchi, 1992 and Hedgé, 2008, for a review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global interference during early visual processing: ERP evidence from a rapid global/local selective task

Beaucousin¹,

Simon²,

Cassotti³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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Visual perception depends on the integration of local elements of a visual scene into a global frame. Evidence from behavioral studies shows that (1) the detection of the global frame is faster than the detection of the local parts, a phenomenon called the global advantage, and that (2) an interference of the global shape is also present during local processing. Together, these effects are called the global precedence effect (GPE). Even if the global advantage appears to impact neural processing as early as the first 100 ms post-stimulus, previous studies failed to find a global interference effect before 200 ms post-stimulus. Using for the first time a rapid display of letter component stimuli during a global/local selective task in which conditions with perceptual conflict, congruent and incongruent conditions were considered, the present event-related potential (ERP) study shows a global interference effect occurring as early as the time range of the N1 component. In particular, only congruent stimuli elicited similar N1 amplitude during the global and local tasks, whereas an increased of the N1 amplitude during the global task was observed (as compared to the local task) for both stimuli with perceptual conflict and incongruent stimuli. This finding corroborates the recent neural models of human visual perception.

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“…e source (or the locus) of the global advantage e ect is still disputed. Several investigators concluded that the source of global advantage is perceptual (e.g., Andres and Fernandes 2006;Broadbent 1977;Han et al 1997;Koivisto and Revonsuo 2004;Miller and Navon 2002;Navon 1977Navon , 1991Paquet 1999;Paquet and Merikle 1988), possibly as a result of early perceptual-organizational processes (Han and Humphreys 2002;Kimchi 1998Kimchi , 2000Kimchi , 2003b. e involvement of organizational processes in global advantage is discussed in detail later in the chapter.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Perception of Hierarchical Structure

Kimchi

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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Effect of short and long exposure duration and dual-tasking on a global–local task

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Global–local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.

Global–local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition.

Global interference during early visual processing: ERP evidence from a rapid global/local selective task

The Perception of Hierarchical Structure

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