Effect of Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activities in Rats

Gudiel-Urbano, Montserrat; Goñi, Isabel

doi:10.1159/000066494

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is well known that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli ferment various kinds of sugars to produce organic acids (Bezkorovainy, 1989). Fructooligosaccharide, a typical prebiotic, increases cecal wall weight by increasing organic acid concentrations in the cecum (Gudiel-Urbano and Goñi, 2002). Indeed, in FOS-as well as epilactose-fed rats, cecal wall weights and cecal content weights were significantly greater than those in control and lactose-fed rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Properties of Epilactose

Watanabe

Nishimukai

Taguchi

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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We recently reported that cellobiose 2-epimerase from Ruminococcus albus effectively converted lactose to epilactose. In this study, we examined the biological effects of epilactose on intestinal microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and postadministrative plasma glucose by animal tests. Dietary supplementation with epilactose or fructooligosaccharide (4.5% each) increased cecal wall weight and cecal contents and decreased the pH of the cecal contents in Wistar-ST rats. The number of total anaerobes tended to be greater in rats fed epilactose and fructooligosaccharide than in those fed the control diet. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were more numerous in rats fed epilactose and fructooligosaccharide diets than in those fed the control diet. Analysis of clone libraries of 16S rRNA suggests that supplementation with epilactose did not induce the proliferation of harmful bacteria belonging to classes Clostridia or Bacteroidetes. Epilactose, as well as fructooligosaccharide, inhibited the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, which are suggested to be promoters of colon cancer. In addition, oral administration of epilactose did not elevate the plasma glucose concentration in ddY mice. These results clearly indicate that epilactose is a promising prebiotic. We also showed that cellobiose 2-epimerase converted lactose in cow milk and a spray-dried ultrafiltrate of cheese whey to epilactose. Cellobiose 2-epimerase may increase the value of dairy products by changing lactose to epilactose possessing prebiotic properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Properties of Epilactose

Watanabe

Nishimukai

Taguchi

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…β-glucuronidase activity is known to be a risk factor for colon cancer [25,26,27]; therefore, the enhancement of β-glucuronidase activity is not a desirable result. Some prebiotic oligosaccharides can reduce β-glucuronidase activity [28,29,30,31]. Therefore, we wanted to determine if the simultaneous intake of RAF could suppress the increasing levels of β-glucuronidase activity induced by Ge-132.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effects of Dietary Organic Germanium, Ge-132, and Raffinose Supplementation on Caecal Flora in Rats

Nakamura

Nagura

Sato

et al. 2012

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) is the most common organic germanium compound. The ingestion of Ge-132 promotes bile secretion. We assessed the rat caecal characteristics after the administration of Ge-132 and raffinose, a prebiotic oligosaccharide, because both Ge-132 and some prebiotics can change the fecal color to yellow. We also compared the changes in the caecal flora caused by the two compounds. In addition, we evaluated the simultaneous administration of Ge-132 and raffinose and their effects on β-glucuronidase activity, which is known to be a factor related to colon cancer. Male Wistar rats (three weeks old) were given one of the following diets: 1) a control diet (control group), 2) a diet containing 0.05% Ge-132 (Ge-132 group), 3) a diet containing 5% raffinose (RAF group) or 4) a diet containing 0.05% Ge-132 + 5% raffinose (GeRAF group). The Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and total bacteria counts were significantly increased by the dietary raffinose, and Ge-132 did not suppress this increase. The raffinose intake increased caecal acetic acid production significantly. The activity of β-glucuronidase in the caecal contents was increased by dietary Ge-132, whereas dietary raffinose decreased the β-glucuronidase activity significantly. These results indicate that the simultaneous intake of dietary raffinose and Ge-132 does not inhibit the effects of either compound on intestinal fermentation and bile secretion. Additionally, the simultaneous intake of both raffinose and Ge-132 could abrogate the increase in β-glucuronidase activity induced by Ge-132 alone.

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“…A study by Gestel et al (93) revealed the ability of rice bran-derived components to protect the colonic epithelium via its ability to decrease the activities of the adverse bacterial enzymes b-glucuronidase and mucinase. Additionally, a study in which rats were fed a diet supplemented with cellulose showed a decrease in the nitroreductase, b-glucuronidase, and b-glucosidase enzyme activity in the colon (94). Therefore, there are a number of mechanisms that are of importance to consider when evaluating the potential efficacy of rice bran for dietary cancer chemoprevention.…”

Section: Rice Bran Associated Cancer Chemopreventive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

Henderson

Ollila

Kumar

et al. 2012

Advances in Nutrition

187

144

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Emerging evidence suggests that dietary rice bran may exert beneficial effects against several types of cancer, such as breast, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. The chemopreventive potential has been related to the bioactive phytochemicals present in the bran portion of the rice such as ferulic acid, tricin, β-sitosterol, γ-oryzanol, tocotrienols/tocopherols, and phytic acid. Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of the rice bran-derived bioactive components are mediated through their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and alter cell cycle progression in malignant cells. Rice bran bioactive components protect against tissue damage through the scavenging of free radicals and the blocking of chronic inflammatory responses. Rice bran phytochemicals have also been shown to activate anticancer immune responses as well as affecting the colonic tumor microenvironment in favor of enhanced colorectal cancer chemoprevention. This is accomplished through the modulation of gut microflora communities and the regulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the low cost of rice production and the accessibility of rice bran make it an appealing candidate for global dietary chemoprevention. Therefore, the establishment of dietary rice bran as a practical food-derived chemopreventive agent has the potential to have a significant impact on cancer prevention for the global population.

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Effect of Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activities in Rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Prebiotic Properties of Epilactose

Prebiotic Properties of Epilactose

Evaluation of the Effects of Dietary Organic Germanium, Ge-132, and Raffinose Supplementation on Caecal Flora in Rats

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

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