Effect of silage dry matter content and rapeseed meal supplementation on dairy cows. 1. Milk production and feed utilisation

Kokkonen, Tuomo; Tuori, Mikko; Leivonen, V; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00120-6

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Representative samples of feeds (d 15 to 21) and spot fecal samples (at 0700 and 1500 h on d 17 to 21) were collected, composited, and stored at −20°C before chemical analysis (Kokkonen et al, 2000). The concentration of indigestible NDF of silages and concentrates was determined in duplicate by incubating samples (from 0.5 to 1.0 g) within polyester bags (60 × 120 mm, pore size 17 μm) in the rumen for 12 d (Ahvenjärvi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Sampling and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau

Shingfield

Simpura

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Camelina is an ancient oilseed crop that produces an oil rich in cis-9,cis-12 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA); however, reports on the use of camelina oil (CO) for ruminants are limited. The present study investigated the effects of incremental CO supplementation on animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) composition, and milk sensory quality. Eight Finnish Ayrshire cows (91 d in milk) were used in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised 4 concentrates (12 kg/d on an air-dry basis) based on cereals and camelina expeller containing 0 (control), 2, 4, or 6% CO on an air-dry basis. Cows were offered a mixture of grass and red clover silage (RCS; 1:1 on a dry matter basis) ad libitum. Incremental CO supplementation linearly decreased silage and total dry matter intake, and linearly increased LA, ALA, and total FA intake. Treatments had no effect on whole-tract apparent organic matter or fiber digestibility and did not have a major influence on rumen fermentation. Supplements of CO quadratically decreased daily milk and lactose yields and linearly decreased milk protein yield and milk taste panel score from 4.2 to 3.6 [on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)], without altering milk fat yield. Inclusion of CO linearly decreased the proportions of saturated FA synthesized de novo (4:0 to 16:0), without altering milk fat 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, and ALA concentrations. Milk fat 18:0 was low (<5 g/100 g of FA) across all treatments. Increases in CO linearly decreased the proportions of total saturates from 58 to 45 g/100 g of FA and linearly enriched trans-11 18:1, cis-9,trans-11 18:2, and trans-11,cis-15 18:2 from 5.2, 2.6, and 1.7 to 11, 4.3, and 5.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively. Furthermore, CO quadratically decreased milk fat trans-10 18:1 and linearly decreased trans-10,cis-12 18:2 concentration. Overall, milk FA composition on all treatments suggested that one or more components in camelina seeds may inhibit the complete reduction of 18-carbon unsaturates in the rumen. In conclusion, CO decreased the secretion of saturated FA in milk and increased those of the trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway or their desaturation products. Despite increasing the intake of 18-carbon unsaturated FA, CO had no effect on the secretions of 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, or ALA in milk. Concentrates containing camelina expeller and 2% CO could be used for the commercial production of low-saturated milk from grass-and RCS-based diets without major adverse effects on animal performance.

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Section: Sampling and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau

Shingfield

Simpura

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The proposed mechanisms involve faster intake and/or higher turn-over rate of ruminal particle pool (Teller et al, 1990 and1993;Kokkonen et al, 2000). For example, Teller et al (1993) observed that the higher DM intake of wilted compared with direct-cut silage was associated with faster DM intake (40 v. 56 min/kg DM) and shorter chop length (3 v. 6 cm) of the wilted silage.…”

Section: Silage Fermentation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in addition to D-value and fermentation characteristics, silage intake is influenced by silage DM concentration the SDMI responses often being greater for high DM silages than predicted from silage fermentation parameters (Gordon, 1981;Yan et al, 1996;Kokkonen et al, 2000). The intake of legume silages is often higher than that of grass silages (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Huhtanen

Rinne

Nousiainen

2007

Animal

203

239

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An evaluation of the factors affecting silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) of dairy cows was conducted based on dietary treatment means. The data were divided into six subsets based on the silage treatments used in the experiments: concentration of digestible organic matter in dry matter (D-value) influenced by the maturity of grass ensiled (n ¼ 81), fermentation quality influenced by silage additives (n ¼ 240), dry matter (DM) concentration influenced by wilting of grass prior to ensiling (W; n ¼ 85), comparison of silages made from primary growth or regrowth of grass (n ¼ 46), and replacement of grass silage with legume (L; n ¼ 53) or fermented whole-crop cereal (WC; n ¼ 37) silages. The data were subjected to the mixed model regression analysis. Both silage D-value and fermentation quality significantly affected SDMI. The average effects of D-value and total acid (TA) concentration were 17.0 g and 2 12.8 per 1 g/kg DM, respectively. At a given D-value, silage neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration tended to decrease SDMI. Silage TA concentration was the best fermentation parameter predicting SDMI. Adding other parameters into the multivariate models did not improve the fit and the slopes of the other parameters remained insignificant. Total NDF intake was curvilinearly related to silage D-value the maximum intake being reached at a D-value of 640 g/kg DM. Results imply that physical fill is not limiting SDMI of highly digestible grass silages and that both physical and metabolic factors constrain total DM intake in an interactive manner. Silage DM concentration had an independent curvilinear effect on SDMI. Replacing primary growth silage with regrowth, L or WC silages affected SDMI significantly, the response to regrowth silage being linearly decreasing and to L and WC quadratically increasing. The outcome of factors affecting SDMI was used to update the relative SDMI index as follows: SDMI index ¼ 100 þ 10 £ [(D-value 2 680) £ 0.0170 2 (TA 2 80) £ 0.0128 þ (0.0198 £ (DM 2 250) 2 0.00002364 £ (DM 2 2 250 2 )) 2 0.44 £ a þ 4.13 £ b 2 2.58 £ b 2 þ 5.90 £ c 2 6.14 £ c 2 2 0.0023 £ (550 2 NDF)], where a, b and c represent the proportions (0-1) of regrowth, L or WC silages from total silage DM. For the whole data set, one index unit corresponded to the default value of 0.10 kg in SDMI. The SDMI index explained proportionally 0.852 of the variation in SDMI with 0.34 kg DM per day residual. The updated SDMI index provides improved basis for the practical dairy cow ration formulation and economic evaluation.

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“…Samples were analysed as described by Kokkonen et al (2000). The gross energy of glucogenic feed was measured using a bomb calorimeter.…”

Section: Sampling and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat, protein, lactose and urea contents of milk were determined as described by Kokkonen et al (2000) and acetone content of milk with the methods described by Rajamaki and Rauramaa (1985). Milk samples for progesterone determination were taken after milking three times a week starting 10 days after calving until first visible oestrus and stored frozen until determination with radioimmunoassay (RIA) (Laitinen, 1982).…”

Section: Sampling and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early lactation concentrate level and glucogenic feed on feed intake, milk production and energy metabolism in dairy cows and heifers

Kokkonen¹,

Tesfa²,

Tuori³

et al. 2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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In order to examine the effect of two levels of concentrate and the effect of glucogenic feed (0 1/d (GO) or 1 1/d (Gl)) 16 multiparous and 16 primiparous Friesian cows were used in a factorial 2x2 design. The concentrate levels for multiparous cows were 11 kg/d (CI 1) and 15 kg/d (CI 5) and for primiparous cows 9 kg/d (C9) and 12 kg/d (CI2). The glucogenic feed consisted of propylene glycol, polyols, molasses and niacin. All the animals were offered wilted silage ad libitum. The experimental period started from calving and lasted for 12 weeks.Multiparous cows substituted concentrate for silage when glucogenic feed was not given whereas with glucogenic feed the effect of concentrate on silage dry matter intake (DMI) was minor. Glucogenic feed had a minor effect on milk production at the higher level of concentrate and a negative effect on milk production at the lower level of concentrate. Due to this interaction the milk yield response to the higher level of concentrate was higher with glucogenic feed. The low rumen degradable protein supply in C11G1 was probably the cause of these interactions.The milk production response of primiparous cows to the higher level of concentrate was low. After peak yield the plasma insulin concentrations were higher with the higher concentrate level. This was accompanied by higher liveweight gain.In conclusion, the response of multiparous cows to higher concentrate level depended on the supply of rumen degradable protein, whereas the comparable response of primiparous cows was * Financial support by the Agricultural Research Foundation of August Johannes and Aino Tiura 564 GLUCOGENIC FEED FOR COWS limited by milk yield potential and the needs of growth. The glucogenic feed showed an ability to increase plasma glucose and decrease the concentrations of ketones.

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Effect of silage dry matter content and rapeseed meal supplementation on dairy cows. 1. Milk production and feed utilisation

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index

Effects of early lactation concentrate level and glucogenic feed on feed intake, milk production and energy metabolism in dairy cows and heifers

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