Effect of Skin on Finite Element Modeling of Foot and Ankle During Balanced Standing

Ou, Haihua; Qaiser, Zeeshan; Kang, Liping; Johnson, Shane A.

doi:10.1007/s12204-018-1918-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our results revealed that the contact time was shorter in forefoot strike than other two strike patterns, which is similar to the previous studies [9,42]. The short contact time of the forefoot strike tends to concentrate the plantar pressure of the 5th metatarsal bone [43]. It is about two to three times higher plantar loading at forefoot strike than the dispersed pressure in midfoot and rearfoot strikes, resulting higher muscle fatigue of the lower limb when running for a long time [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The short contact time of the forefoot strike tends to concentrate the plantar pressure of the 5th metatarsal bone [43]. It is about two to three times higher plantar loading at forefoot strike than the dispersed pressure in midfoot and rearfoot strikes, resulting higher muscle fatigue of the lower limb when running for a long time [43]. In addition, some studies found that the force activation of the gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon is increased [36,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of knee ligament loading during running in different foot strike patterns

Kim,

Wang,

Lam

2024

Preprint

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Background The purpose of this study is to examine the kinematic and kinematic variables during running with various foot strike patterns and to calculate the knee ligament loading using musculoskeletal modeling techniques. Methods Twenty participants were instructed to run overground at 4.3 ± 0.2 m/s along the instrumented runway, with landing their feet on the force plate under three foot strike patterns: forefoot (foot strike angle < -1.6°), midfoot (-1.6° < foot strike angle < -8.0°), rearfoot (foot strike angle > 8.0°). The angle, angular velocity, ground reaction force (GRF), and moment of the knee joint were calculated, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) forces were determined through musculoskeletal modeling. Results The forefoot strike had a significant shorter contact time than the midfoot and rearfoot strike (p < .05). The forefoot strike was lower than other foot strike patterns for flexion angle (F = 7.261, p = .005). In the kinetic variables, the forefoot strike showed single vertical GRF peak that was higher than the first or second peaks in other foot strike patterns (p < .05). The anterior and posterior ACL loading of the rearfoot strike were lower than forefoot and midfoot strike patterns (p < .05), while no significant between strike patterns were found in PCL loading. Conclusion This suggests that the lower ACL load of the rearfoot strike would be associated with the two-peak GRF characteristics with the impact attenuation at initial contact, and that forefoot strike showed a relatively high ACL load due to the small foot contact area for both landing and propulsion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of knee ligament loading during running in different foot strike patterns

Kim,

Wang,

Lam

2024

Preprint

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“…The plantar peak pressure in jogging was likely two to three times that in balanced standing [26], so it would be unfavorable to our feet. For example, RFS jogging had large plantar pressure in the hindfoot area, which stood for a large impact on the hindfoot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biomechanical Analysis of Foot–Ankle Complex during Jogging with Rearfoot Strike versus Forefoot Strike

Zhang

2022

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Background and Aim. In order to reduce foot and ankle injuries induced by jogging, two-foot strike patterns, rearfoot strike (RFS), and forefoot strike (FFS), were adopted and compared. First, RFS jogging and FFS jogging were experimentally studied, so as to acquire kinematic and kinetic data, including foot strike angle, knee flexion angle, and ground reaction force (GRF). Then, a 3D finite element model of foot–ankle complex was reconstructed from the scanned 2D-stacked images. Biomechanical characteristics, including plantar pressure, stress of metatarsals, midfoot bone, calcaneus and cartilage, and tensile force of plantar fascia and ligaments, were obtained. The results showed that RFS jogging and FFS jogging had a similar change trend and a close peak value of GRF. Since possessing more momentum in the push stage and less momentum in the brake stage, FFS jogging could be in favor of a higher jogging speed. However, FFS jogging produced larger metatarsal stress in the 5th metatarsal and much larger tensile force of plantar fascia, which might cause metatarsal fracture and heel pain. While RFS jogging produced larger plantar pressure in the hindfoot area, larger calcaneus stress, and much larger tarsal navicular stress, which might cause heel tissue injury, calcaneus damage, and stress fracture of naviculocuneiform joint. In addition, talocrural and talocalcaneal joint cartilage could bear jogging loads, as the peak contact pressure were both small in RFS jogging and FFS jogging. Therefore, jogging with rearfoot or FFS pattern should be chosen according to the health condition of foot–ankle parts.

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“…In finite element modeling, the major concern is accurate measurement and assessment of the geometric and mechanical properties of various components [ 22 ]. However, obtaining accurate parameters in vivo is difficult; thus, mechanical properties were assigned generally in finite element models from in vitro studies or previous studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Analysis of Midfoot von Mises Stress Levels in Flatfoot, Clubfoot, and Lisfranc Joint Injury

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Med Sci Monit

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Background Midfoot deformity and injury can affect the internal pressure distribution of the foot. This study aimed to use 3D finite element and biomechanical analyses of midfoot von Mises stress levels in flatfoot, clubfoot, and Lisfranc joint injury. Material/Methods Normal feet, flatfeet, clubfeet (30 individuals each), and Lisfranc injuries (50 individuals) were reconstructed by CT, and 3D finite element models were established by ABAQUS. Spring element was used to simulate the plantar fascia and ligaments and set hyperelastic coefficients in encapsulated bone and ligaments. The stance phase was simulated by applying 350 N on the top of the talus. The von Mises stress of the feet and ankle was visualized and analyzed. Results The von Mises stress on healthy feet was higher in the lateral metatarsal and ankle bones than in the medial metatarsal bone. Among the flatfoot group, the stress on the metatarsals, talus, and navicular bones was significantly increased compared with that on healthy feet. Among patients with clubfeet, stress was mainly concentrated on the talus, and stress on the lateral metatarsal and navicular bones was significantly lower. The von Mises stress on the fractured bone was decreased, and the stress on the bone adjacent to the fractured bone was higher in Lisfranc injury. During bone dislocation alone or fracture accompanied by dislocation, the von Mises stress of the dislocated bone tended to be constant or increased. Conclusions Prediction of von Mises stress distribution may be used clinically to evaluate the effects of deformity and injury on changes in structure and internal pressure distribution on the midfoot.

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Effect of Skin on Finite Element Modeling of Foot and Ankle During Balanced Standing

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

The effects of knee ligament loading during running in different foot strike patterns

The effects of knee ligament loading during running in different foot strike patterns

Biomechanical Analysis of Foot–Ankle Complex during Jogging with Rearfoot Strike versus Forefoot Strike

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Analysis of Midfoot von Mises Stress Levels in Flatfoot, Clubfoot, and Lisfranc Joint Injury

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