Effect of Smoking on Maternal Glucose Metabolism

Langhoff‐Roos, Jens; Wibell, L; Gebre‐Medhin, Mehari; Lindmark, Gunilla

doi:10.1159/000292584

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recent studies have suggested defects in both placental size (22,24) and function with reported alterations in endothelial function, (23,24) epidermal growth factor, (26) and cytotrophoblast differentiation. (27) In support of this hypothesis, we found a decrease in placental weight in smoking mothers, and adjustment for this decrease led to nonsignificant results for smoking, suggesting that placental weight is an intermediate variable for the negative effect of smoking. Furthermore, our results indicate that the deficit is bone mass is partially explicable by low birth weight, but more so by subsequent growth deficits, suggesting that growth, at least during the first 8 years, may be programmed in utero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

Jones

Riley

Dwyer

1999

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

115

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There have been no studies of smoking during pregnancy and bone mineralization in children. The objective of this population-based longitudinal study was to determine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with bone mass and other growth variables in prepubertal children. We studied 330 8-year-old male and female children representing 47% of those who originally took part in a study of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in 1988. The main outcome measures were bone mineral density measured by a Hologic QDR2000 densitometer: birth weight, placental weight, height, and weight. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with deficits in growth with these children having lower height (− , 95% CI −0.015 to 0.005). This association was only present for children born at term. Mothers who smoked during pregnancy also had lower placental weight (− 56 g, 95% CI −95 to −17), and further adjustment for placental weight led to nonsignificant results for smoking with both growth and bone parameters, suggesting that these associations may be mediated through placental size and function. Maternal smoking habit in 1996 was not significantly associated with bone mass at any site. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a long-term negative association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and both growth and bone mass in children born at term, and suggests that the timing of exposure rather than the dose or duration is critical. If these associations are present in other populations and they persist until the attainment of peak bone mass, then our findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention programs should start very early in the life cycle. (J Bone Miner Res 1999;14:146-151)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…These include impaired placental size and function, (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) lower maternal glucose levels, (27) deficient maternal diet, (28) and lower volume of maternal breast milk. (29) It would appear most likely that smoking primarily interferes with placental function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

Jones

Riley

Dwyer

1999

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

115

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“…Nicotine has been shown to block the release of inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting inflammation associated with insulin resistance and thereby diminishing hyperglycemia [9]. Smoking-induced release of catecholamines may also increase the metabolism of soluble nutrients, thereby lowering glucose levels among smokers [36]. Smoking has also been consistently and negatively associated with pre-eclampsia via physiological mechanisms that may be similar [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance: a prospective cohort study

Haskins

Bertone‐Johnson

Pekow

et al. 2010

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundDisturbances in glucose metabolism during pregnancy are associated with negative sequalae for both mother and infant. The association between smoking and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking prior to and during pregnancy and risk of AGT.MethodsWe utilized data from a prospective cohort of 1,006 Hispanic (predominantly Puerto Rican) prenatal care patients in Western Massachusetts. Women reported pre- and early pregnancy smoking at recruitment (mean = 15 weeks) and mid pregnancy smoking at a second interview (mean = 28 weeks). AGT was defined as > 135 mg/dL on the routine 1-hour glucose tolerance test (1-hr OGTT). We used multivariable regression to assess the effect of pre, early, and mid-pregnancy smoking on risk of AGT and screening plasma glucose value from the 1-hr OGTT.ResultsIn age-adjusted models, women who smoked > 0-9 cigarettes/day in pre-pregnancy had an increased risk of AGT (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.02-3.55) compared to non-smokers; this was attenuated in multivariable models. Smoking in early (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.21-1.10) and mid pregnancy (OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.13-1.11) were not associated with AGT in multivariable models. Smoking during early and mid pregnancy were independently associated with lower glucose screening values, while smoking in pre-pregnancy was not.ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort of Hispanic women, we did not observe an association between smoking prior to or during pregnancy and risk of AGT. Findings from this study, although based on small numbers of cases, extend prior research to the Hispanic population.

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“…Fetal-growth retardation may result from a variety of causes, including placental insufficiency, genetic defects and environmental toxins (16,17). Cigarette smoking during pregnancy, a well-documented cause of reduced birthweight, may exert its influence on fetal growth through several mechanisms, such as changes in the protein, fat or glucose metabolism (18), hypoxia secondary to vasoconstriction and impaired placental function, as well as a shift of the fetal oxyhaeinoglobin dissociation curve to the left, leading to reduced ebergy availability (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking and body composition of the newborn

1996

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The influence on neonatal anthropometry of maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy was investigated in 933 parous women. Anthropometric growth parameters including skinfold measurements were studied in the newborns. After adjustment for maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, height and pregnancy weight gain, smoking had a clear dose-dependent negative effect on all anthropometric characteristics in the infant. In contrast to the results obtained in other investigations, the reduced birth weight of the infants of smoking mothers was not found to be primarily due to a reduction in lean body mass; nor was fat deposition found to be reduced. Fetal anthropometry was also negatively affected in infants born to mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy.

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Effect of Smoking on Maternal Glucose Metabolism

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children

Smoking during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance: a prospective cohort study

Maternal smoking and body composition of the newborn

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