Effect of Smoking on Meningococcal Carriage

Stuart, J. M.; Robinson, P. M.; Cartwright, Keith; Noah, N D

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90781-2

Cited by 123 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a recent report smoking was shown to be an important determinant of meningococcal carriage [12]. Unfortunately no data were collected in our study on smoking habits, but it seems very unlikely that the differences seen between areas in carrier prevalences are confounded by this factor as it is our impression that smoking habits are similar in different areas in the Faroes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The overall prevalence of N. meningitidis was 26-6 % (112/421) in Fuglafjorbur, 12-6% (39/310) in Tv0royri, 9*5% (31/328) in Western Sandoy, and 922% (50/545) in Klaksvik; the four prevalences were significantly different (P < 0-0001). The overall prevalence of N. meningitidis group B 15 was 5-2% (22/421) in Fuglafjorour, 2-7 % (8/310) in Tv0royri, 2-1 % (7/328) in Western Sandoy, and 1 1 % (6/545) in Klaksvik (P = 0 001).…”

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

et al. 1991

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SUMMARYIn a household survey in the Faroe Islands, an isolated community with hyperendemic occurrence of meningococcal disease due to serogroup B 15, 1604 persons were examined for pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and N. lactamica. Two areas were chosen having experienced high (HIA), and two having experienced low incidences (LIA) of disease. Living in HIA compared with LIA was associated with higher risk of N. meningitidis B 15 carriage and lower risk of N. lactamica carriage, with odds ratios of 2 7 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1P4-5 1, P = 0 003) and 0 41 (95 % CI 0 31-0{53, P < 0 0001), respectively. In HIA the risk of N. meningitidis carriage was much lower in non-carriers than carriers of N. lactamica, with an odds ratio of 0 19 (95 % CI 0-08-0A47, P = 0 0003); in LIA this association (odds ratio 0 51, P = 0 05) was much weaker. Children 0-14 years had substantially higher risk of being carriers of N. meningitidis group B 15 if the mothers were so, with an odds ratio of 11 (95% CI 4-29, P < 00001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 90%

Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

et al. 1991

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“…Smoking [4,10], passive exposure to cigarette smoke [10], secretor status [4] and age [15] have all been reported to be associated with carriage of meningococci. The distribution of the ABO blood group phenotypes did not differ between the two camps and were similar to those we found in a previous study [16] and that reported by Hirzfeld and Hirzfeld in 1919 [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among Greek military recruits

et al. 1992

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SUMMARYGreek military recruits (993) were examined for carriage of meningococci during July 1990. Blood, saliva and throat swab specimens were obtained and each recruit answered a questionnaire providing information on age, education (a measure of socioeconomic level), place of residence, smoking habits and recent infections.The overall carriage rate was 25 % but differed between the two camps: 79/432 (18%) in Camp A and 168/561 (30%) in Camp B (P < 0-0005). In Camp B, there were significantly higher proportions of recruits who were non-secretors (P < 0 0005), and/or heavy smokers (P < 0-0005). They were also younger (< 19 years old) (P < 0-001), and on the whole had fewer years of education (P < 0-0005). By univariate analysis, carriage was significantly associated with smoking. By multiple logistic regression analysis, carriage was associated with smoking (P < 0-001), age (P < 0-01) and the camp in which the recruits were based (P < 0-01). Among recruits in Camp B, 15/38 (40%) of those with recent viral infections were carriers compared with 30 % for the camp in general.

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“…Alternatively, since cigarette smokers are more likely to be meningococcal carriers [27][28][29], young children living in households with smokers would have higher contact with carriers, higher chances of acquiring pathogenic meningococci, and hence higher attack rates. Also, greater exposure to non-pathogenic meningococci in the early years of life would be expected to confer higher levels of immunity through the development of cross-protective antibodies [30].…”

Section: Passive Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study

Stuart²,

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYThis case control study investigated environmental factors in 74 confirmed cases of meningococcal disease (MD). In children aged under 5, passive smoking in the home (30 or more cigarettes daily) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 7 5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1P46-38-66). ORs increased both with the numbers of cigarettes smoked and with the number of smokers in the household, suggesting a dose-response relationship. MD in this age group was also significantly associated with household overcrowding (more than 1P5 persons per room) (OR 60, 95% CI 110-32-8), with kisses on the mouth with 4 or more contacts in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2-46, 95% CI 1P09-5 56), with exposure to dust from plaster, brick or stone in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2-24, 95 % CI 107-465); and with changes in residence (OR 30, 95% CI 1P0-899), marital arguments (OR 3-0, 95 % CI 1P26-7 17) and legal disputes in the previous 6 months (OR 3-10, 95% CI 1P24-7 78). These associations were independent of social class. Public health measures to lower the prevalence of cigarette smoking by parents of young children may reduce the incidence of MD. The influence of building dust and stressful life events merits further investigation.

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Effect of Smoking on Meningococcal Carriage

Cited by 123 publications

References 16 publications

Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in households with infants within areas with high and low incidences of meningococcal disease

Factors affecting carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among Greek military recruits

Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study

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