Effect of Snake Venom and Endotoxin on Cortical Electrical Activity

Vick, James A.; Ciuchta, Henry P.; Polley, Edward H.

doi:10.1038/2031387b0

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…3 No initial EEG changes occurred upon challenge with anthrax toxin in animals pretreated with specific antiserum. If the animals were treated with antiserum after the initial EEG changeb and within 8 hours postchallenge no further EEG changes occurred and all animals survlved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Vick¹,

Lincoln²,

Klein³

et al. 1968

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cyclic phenomenon has also been observed in monkeys challenged with botulinum toxin' but not those challenged with snake venom or endotoxin. 3 At 18 to 24 hours postchallenge (Fig. 1D) a complete electrical silence in EEG was experienced.…”

Section: *2umentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Vick¹,

Lincoln²,

Klein³

et al. 1968

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Respiratory center, phrenic nerve, and the diaphragmatic musculature all appeared relatively unaffected by botulinum toxin (9). The exact mechanism of this block is unknown, but the block may be due to interference with release of acetylcholine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Botulinum Toxin, Type A: Effects on Central Nervous System

Polley¹,

Vick²,

Ciuchta³

et al. 1965

Science

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This study has demonstrated that type A botulinum toxin has a depressant effect on the cortical electrical activity of anesthetized and unanesthetized monkeys. Simultaneous recordings of vital signs indicated a relative lack of change in the electrocardiogram, respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate during this time. The change in the electroencephalogram appeared cyclic in nature and independent of dose or time. All animals exhibited signs of respiratory failure characterized by a gradual interference with neuromuscular transmission at the diaphragm, and subsequently died an anoxic death.

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“…Crude venom of the cobra (Naja naja) and rattlesnake (Crotalus admonteus) (16) produce alterations in the EEG of dogs and monkeys, characterized by a complete loss of electrical activity within 1 min after iv administration. Escherichia coli endotoxin, which produced a clinical syndrome quite similar to that produced by SEB in monkeys (14), apparently has no effect on the EEG per se, although in the late stages of endotoxin shock EEG alterations attributed to progressive anoxia are noted (16). Because of these difference in central nervous system responses to various biological toxins, we have recorded and analyzed the EEG patterns of monkeys after SEB challenge, and have compared the changes with those previously described after challenge with other toxins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The electrical activity of the cerebral cortex of monkeys is altered by various lethal toxins of biological origin (5,9,14,16). Type A botulinum toxin (9) and crude anthrax toxin (5) both produce changes in electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, consisting of cycling among an electrically silent electroencephalogram (EEG), a period of 1 increased amplitude in electrical impulses, and an apparently normal EEG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on the Electroencephalogram of Monkeys

Hodoval¹,

Morris²,

Elsberry³

et al. 1967

Applied Microbiology

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A highly purified preparation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B was administered intravenously, 1 mg/kg, to rhesus monkeys. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from electrodes attached to the skin or implanted on the dura. The dose of toxin employed consistently produced a sequence of vascular collapse followed by death; in control studies. animals were bled periodically to produce a similar pattern of shock. Regardless of the time to death following administration of the enterotoxin, there were essentially no changes from base line EEG patterns until shortly before death. With the development of preterminal severe shock, there was a marked decrease in EEG wave frequency and an initial increase in amplitude. The latter diminished progressively to produce an isoelectric tracing immediately prior to death. This could be reversed for a brief period by epinephrine. An identical sequence of EEG changes was observed during the terminal period of hemorrhagic shock. It is postulated that cerebral anoxia, caused by inadequate blood flow, is the primary cause of the altered EEG patterns that accompany enterotoxin toxicity. In this respect, staphylococcal enterotoxin B produces changes apparently similar to bacterial endotoxin but distinctly different from the EEG effects reported after botulinum toxin, anthrax toxin, or rattlesnake and cobra venom.

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Effect of Snake Venom and Endotoxin on Cortical Electrical Activity

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Neurological and Physiological Responses of the Primate to Anthrax Toxin

Botulinum Toxin, Type A: Effects on Central Nervous System

Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on the Electroencephalogram of Monkeys

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