Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on Efficiency of Rumen Digestion

Berger, L.M.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Britton, Robert A.

doi:10.2527/jas1979.4951317x

Cited by 62 publications

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“…Although there appear to be no published comparisons of in vivo and in vitro digestibility determinations for forages upgraded with ammonia, a number of comparisons for forages treated with sodium hydroxide have shown that in vitro estimates of digestibility can be 0-04 to 0-12 units higher than the in vivo values (e.g. Jayasuriya and Owen, 1975;Berger, Klopfenstein and Britton, 1979). There was no change in the in vitro digestibility of the treated forages over the 9 weeks between treatment in the oven and the completion of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

1985

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Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes were offered 300, 600 or 900 g fresh weight per day of concentrates and forage ad libitum from day 105 of pregnancy until lambing. Spring barley straw (S) or hay (H) was offered either untreated (U) or following treatment with anhydrous ammonia in an oven (T). Organic matter digestibilities (in vitro) were 0-42, 0-58, 0-42 and 0-60 and nitrogen contents were 7-2, 18-6, 12-0 and 25 0 g/kg dry matter for US, TS, UH and TH respectively. Forage intake did not differ between ewes carrying two or more foetuses but the small number of ewes carrying one foetus ate more straw (6-8 v. 4-5 g organic matter (OM) per kg live weight) than ewes carrying two or more foetuses. Ammonia treatment increased intake; the increase was larger on straw (4-6 v. 100 g OM per kg live weight) than on hay (9-0 v. 10-7 g OM per kg live weight). Replacement rates of forage by concentrates were -0-21, +0-06, -0-48 and +0-08 kg forage per kg concentrates for treatments US, TS, UH and TH respectively; only the value for treatment UH differed significantly from zero. On most treatments forage intake decreased as pregnancy progressed and the declines were greater when treated forages were offered. Concentrate level had a large effect on most aspects of ewe performance. Ewes offered treated forage gained slightly more weight in pregnancy (138 v. 104 g/day), had a slightly smaller decrease in body condition score (-0-54 v. -0-68) between day 105 and lambing but did not have greater lamb birth weights than ewes on untreated forage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

1985

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“…Felix et al (2012) treated batches of DDGS weekly instead of supplementing the alkaline agent to the diet. A plethora of previous data support the theory that pretreating fibrous feeds will increase fiber digestibility (Berger et al, 1979;Kong et al, 1992;Kim and Holtzapple, 2006); however, most of this work theorizes that the improvement occurs because lignin and hemicellulose bonding is disrupted. Although the lignin content of DGS is reportedly minimal (4.35% to 10% of the NDF; NRC 1996), there has not been any research to date on the efficacy of treating vs. supplementing alkaline agents for cattle fed DGS-based diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle1

Schroeder

Iakiviak

Felix

2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction of feeding dry (DDGS) or modified wet (MDGS) distillers grains with solubles (DGS) with or without supplemental CaO on in situ DM and NDF disappearance; ruminal pH, VFA, and methane concentration; and cellulase and xylanase activity. Fistulated steers (n = 8; average initial BW = 540 ± 250 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, and steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) 50% DDGS with 0% CaO, 2) 48.8% DDGS supplemented with 1.2% CaO, 3) 50% MDGS with 0% CaO, or 4) 48.8% MDGS supplemented with 1.2% CaO (DM basis). The remainder of the diet was husklage, dry-rolled corn, and vitamin and mineral supplement. There were no interactions (P ≥ 0.12) of DGS type and CaO addition on any parameters measured. Steers fed DDGS had a 17% increase (P < 0.01) in DMI compared to steers fed MDGS; however, CaO supplementation reduced (P = 0.03) DMI by 12%, regardless of DGS type. As expected, addition of CaO increased the pH of the diet by 1.82 pH units. This caused a time by CaO interaction (P = 0.05) for ruminal pH. Regardless of DGS type, steers supplemented with CaO tended to have increased (P = 0.09) ruminal pH at 1.5 h and had increased (P = 0.03) ruminal pH at 3 h postfeeding; however, ruminal pH did not differ (P ≥ 0.24) for the remainder of the day. There was no difference (P = 0.46) in ruminal cellulase activity when comparing type of DGS fed. However, there was a time by CaO interaction (P < 0.01); cattle fed 1.2% CaO diets had 28% greater ruminal cellulase activity only at 0 h postfeeding when compared to cattle fed 0% CaO. Furthermore, feeding supplemental CaO increased (P = 0.04) acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) regardless of type of DGS fed. Increased initial ruminal pH and cellulase activity from supplemental CaO did not increase (P = 0.48) in situ NDF disappearance. No differences (P ≥ 0.48) in ruminal methane concentration were found when comparing DGS type or supplemental CaO. In conclusion, the type of DGS fed had little effect on ruminal metabolism. Even though CaO increased ruminal pH and cellulase activity at some times postfeeding, it was not enough to affect in situ fiber disappearance.

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“…Os valores de NDT observados neste trabalho BERGER et al (1979), os quais relataram que a elevada taxa de passagem ruminal, devido às altas concentrações de substâncias minerais dos bagaços tratados quimicamente, que acarreta maior ingestão de água, diminui o tempo de retenção do alimento no rúmen, diminuindo, portanto, o tempo de contato do substrato com as enzimas microbianas. Corrobora esta tese a observação de que o único bagaço (ração) a não exibir menor valor de digestibilidade in vivo em relação ao seu similar da digestibilidade in vitro foi o BAH, ou seja, aquele bagaço não tratado quimicamente.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Digestibilidade do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado com reagentes químicos e pressão de vapor

et al. 2000

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RESUMO -Com o objetivo de elevar a digestibilidade do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, este resíduo agro-industrial foi tratado com inúmeros reagentes químicos acompanhados ou não de tratamento físico. Após ensaios preliminares, nos quais diversos agentes deslignificantes foram avaliados, dez tratamentos foram selecionados para serem melhor estudados em ensaios de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da matéria orgânica. Em seguida, para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vivo, foram feitas quatro dietas à base de: 1 -Bagaço auto-hidrolisado (BAH), pressão de 17 kgf/cm 2 por 5 min; 2 -Bagaço tratado com 4% Na 2 S + 6% NaOH, pressão de 12 kgf/cm 2 por 8 min; 3 -Bagaço tratado com 2% Na 2 S + 3% NaOH, pressão de 12 kgf/cm 2 por 8 min; e 4 -Bagaço tratado com 9% H 2 O 2 + 7% NaOH, a 70 o C por 8 min. Bagaço tratado com 4% Na 2 S + 6% NaOH e submetido a 12 kgf/cm 2 de pressão apresentou os melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido e o maior valor de nutrientes digestíveis totais. Em seguida, o bagaço tratado com 9% H 2 O 2 + 7% NaOH a 70 o C por 8 min apresentou os melhores resultados. Piores resultados foram observados para o bagaço hidrolizado. A melhor digestibilidade de algumas das dietas, particularmente das frações fibrosas, sugere a exiqüibilidade do emprego de menores quantidades de alimento concentrado em dietas à base de bagaço de cana tratado química/fisicamente. Palavras-chave: hidróxido de sódio, nutrição de ruminantes, resíduo agro-industrial, sulfeto de sódio Digestibility of Sugar Cane Bagasse Treated with Chemical Reagents and Steam PressureABSTRACT -In order to increase the sugar cane bagasse digestibility, this agricultural by-product was treated with several chemical reagents with or without physical treatment. After preliminary evaluation, where several delignificant agents were evaluated, ten treatments were selected for more detailed in vitro dry and organic matter disappearance trials. Then, for the in vivo digestibility trial, four sugar cane bagasse based diets were made: 1 -Hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse, pressure of 17 kgf/cm 2 per 5 min; 2 -Bagasse treated with 4% Na 2 S + 6% NaOH, pressure of 12 kgf/cm 2 for 8 min; 3 -Bagasse treated with 2% Na 2 S + 3% NaOH, pressure of 12 kgf/cm 2 for 8 min; 4 -Bagasse treated with 9% H 2 O 2 + 7% NaOH, at 70 o C for 8 min. The bagasse treated with 4% Na 2 S + 6% NaOH and pressure of 12 kgf/cm 2 for 8 min exhibited the highest coefficients of digestibility for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, as well as the highest total digestible nutrient values. Secondly, the bagasse treated with 9% H 2 O 2 + 7% NaOH, at 70 o C for 8 min showed the best results. Hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse presented the worst results. The best digestibility data of some diets, particularly of the fibrous fractions, suggests the possibility of reducing the amount of concentrate meal in chemically/physically treated sugar cane based diets. IntroduçãoA can...

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Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on Efficiency of Rumen Digestion

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle1

Digestibilidade do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado com reagentes químicos e pressão de vapor

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