Effect of soil and water conservation measures on the reduction of runoff and sediment load in a loess hilly-gully region

Zhao, Yang; Yin, Xijie; Zhang, X.; Liu, B.; Wang, Z.

doi:10.2489/jswc.2021.00203

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Vertical distribution patterns of the SWC within different stages of the growing season were similar among density classes in this research (Figure 4), which are basically consistent with the results of other research in this region [9,59,60]. Just like the rainfall infiltration pattern of forest land in this region [61], the depth of the water infiltration clearly increased with the increase in rainfall (Figure 4). However, it should be mentioned that the depth of effective replenishment at the end of the growing season (October) reduced with the increase in stand density (Figure 4).…”

Section: Plantation With Lower Density Has Better Soil Moisture Condi...supporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Stand Density on Growth, Soil Water Content and Nutrients in Black Locust Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region

Zhai,

Sun,

Shen

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Stand density is an important index of forest structure, which strongly affects local environments and functions in the forest. Many black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations with low quality in the Loess hilly region are assumed to be caused by inappropriate stand density. In this study, the growth status, spatio-temporal variations in soil water and nutrient conditions were investigated in the nearly middle-aged plantations with three density classes. The proportion of stunted trees increased with the increase in density class. The stands of <2500 stems ha−1 not only had the distribution peak of diameter at breast height (DBH) being at a larger diameter class, but also showed relatively rapid growths in diameter and biomass per tree. However, stand density did not show a significant effect on the growth rate of both mean tree height and biomass density. The maximum biomass density and relatively high soil NH4+-N content appeared in the density class of 2500–3500 stems ha−1. The temporal stability of soil water content (SWC) on a seasonal scale increased with the deepening of the soil layer, and spatio-temporal variations in the SWC remained relatively stable in the deep layer (200–300 cm). While the infiltration depth after rainfall was rainfall-amount-dependent, the depth of effective replenishment reduced with the density class increasing. The average SWC and its temporal stability in 0–300 cm of soil layer are the best in a stand density of less than 2500 stems ha−1. No significant differences were observed among the stand density classes in the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NO3−-N, and available phosphorus in soils of these nearly middle-aged plantations that have experienced similar management history since the afforestation of abandoned cropland. Overall, the stand condition of density class I is superior at present. But thinning of stand density may be needed to maintain the best stand conditions in the future, with the stand age increasing. The results contribute to further understanding of the relations between density gradient and multiple variables in the plantations, which offer a reference for the forest management and sustainable development of ecosystems in the semiarid region of the Loess Plateau.

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Section: Plantation With Lower Density Has Better Soil Moisture Condi...supporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Stand Density on Growth, Soil Water Content and Nutrients in Black Locust Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region

Zhai,

Sun,

Shen

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Therefore, on the basin scale, the amount of sediment could be predicted based on the stable relationships during flood events. Zheng et al established a linear regression function between the sediment transport modules and runoff depth in different geomorphic units based on different periods of historical dataset, and the slopes of the linear regression between the sediment transport modulus and runoff depth at different scales ranged between 475 and 803, which indicated that the flow–sediment relationship had similarity at different scales on flood event scale, with the lowest slope at watershed scale, indicating stable spatially-averaged low sediment yields at larger scale [ 26 ].…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Flow–Sediment Relationships in a Hilly Watershed of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Wang

Yao

Xiao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The flow–sediment relationship is important to understand soil erosion and sediment transport in severely eroded areas, such as Loess Plateau. Previous research focused on the variation and driving forces of runoff and sediment at the different scales in a watershed. However, the variations of the flow–sediment relationship on multispatial scales (slope, subgully, gully, and watershed scales) and multitemporal scales (annual, flood events, and flood process) were less focused. Taking the Peijiamao watershed, which includes whole slope runoff plot (0.25 ha, slope scale), branch gully (6.9 ha, subgully scale), gully (45 ha, gully scale), and watershed (3930 ha, watershed scale), four different geomorphic units located at the Chinese Loess Plateau, as the research site, a total of 31 flood events from 1986 to 2008 were investigated, and two flood process data were recorded across all the four geomorphic units. The results showed that on the annual timescale, the average sediment transport modulus and runoff depth at four scales exhibited a linear relationship, with determination coefficients of 0.81, 0.72, 0.74, and 0.77, respectively. At the flood event timescale, the relationships between sediment transport modulus and runoff depth at the gully and watershed scales could also be fitted with a linear relationship with high determination coefficients (from 0.77 to 0.99), but the determination coefficient at the slope scale was only 0.37 at the event scale. On the single rainfall event timescale, the flow–sediment relationship at the slope scale showed a figure-eight hysteretic pattern while those relationships at larger scales showed an anticlockwise loop hysteretic pattern. Under the same flow condition, the suspended sediment concentrations during the falling stage were significantly higher than those during the rising stage. Moreover, the difference was bigger as the spatial scale increased due to the wash loads in the downstream gullies, which favored the occurrence of hyper-concentration flow. The results of the study could provide useful insights into the temporal–spatial scale effects of sediment transport and their internal driving mechanisms at the watershed scale.

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“…This contradiction might be due to the changes in land use and other natural factors like the impact of climate on how much water can be conserved (Anett et al, 2022). Among them, rainfall has a significant impact on soil moisture fluctuations, and forest has a higher soil moisture content than other land types throughout the dry and wet seasons (Zhao et al, 2021). We discovered that the average annual rainfall in the Nanming River watershed in 2020 reached 1416.88 mm, which was the highest value during the study period, increasing the soil moisture content absorbed by the forest so that the water content did not decline when the forest area was reduced.…”

Section: Impact Of Land Use Changes On the Nanming River Basin Ecosys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Service Functions of a Typical Karst Urban Basin Based on Land Use Change

Yue,

Huacai,

Luhua

et al. 2024

Journal of Resources and Ecology

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Revealing the mechanism by which land use influences ecosystem service function in karst urban watersheds is of great significance for social and economic development and ecological environmental protection. In this study, the Nanming River Basin, a typical karst basin in Guizhou Province, was used as an example. The spatiotemporal dynamic changes in land use in the basin during three periods from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using ArcGIS, and the ecosystem service functions of the different land use types in the basin were evaluated using an integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model. This analysis led to three outcomes. (1) Forest, cultivated land, and grassland make up most of the land uses. The land use change was mostly dependent on the growth of construction land, which expanded by 13.07%. (2) The watershed′s water conservation function was significantly boosted during the study period. In contrast, the carbon stock function became slightly impaired, and the physical quality of both was regionally distributed as high in the northeast and low in the southwest. (3) The contributions of forest to total water conservation and carbon stock of the watershed are always the greatest, exceeding 57%, and the conversions of forest to construction land and cultivated land to forest are the two primary types of land use change in which the ecosystem service function was impaired and strengthened, respectively. The results of this study can provide important data support and scientific reference for land use structure optimization, soil and water resource exploitation, and sustainable ecosystem management in ecologically fragile areas.

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Effect of soil and water conservation measures on the reduction of runoff and sediment load in a loess hilly-gully region

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Stand Density on Growth, Soil Water Content and Nutrients in Black Locust Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region

Effects of Stand Density on Growth, Soil Water Content and Nutrients in Black Locust Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Flow–Sediment Relationships in a Hilly Watershed of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Ecosystem Service Functions of a Typical Karst Urban Basin Based on Land Use Change

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