Effect of Soil Fertilization on the Rate of Reproduction of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite

Garman, Philip; Kennedy, Bruce

doi:10.1093/jee/42.1.157

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although in many cases spider mite performance has been shown to be positively influenced by increases in exogenous nitrogen provided to plants (e.g. Garman and Kennedy 1949, Hamstead & Gould 1957, Morris 1961, Henneberry 1962, Watson 1964, Storms 1969, Puttasawamy and Channabasavanna 1981 other studies have found the opposite effect (e.g. Rodriguez 1951, Fritzche et al 1957, Kantaratanakul and Rodriguez 1979.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear response of the two-spotted spider mite to nitrogen stress in bean plants (Acari: Tetranychidae)

English-Loeb

1990

International Journal of Acarology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fecundity of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, feeding on bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., which received different concentrations of nitrogen (from 0 to 160 parts per million) was measured. By planting beans in sand which contained nitrogen-f'ming bacteria (Rhizobium sp.) bean plants were allowed to develop root nodules. Using changes in plant biomass as a continuous measure of plant nitrogen stress, fecundity was greatest at intermediate nitrogen stress levels in experiments 1 and 2 while in experiment 3 fecundity generally declined with increasing stress. Amount of root nodulation increased with decreasing nitrogen concentration; initial development of nodules coincided with the peak in mite fecundity. Possible explanations for the nonlinear response curve are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear response of the two-spotted spider mite to nitrogen stress in bean plants (Acari: Tetranychidae)

English-Loeb

1990

International Journal of Acarology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the fecundity data of T. urticae females feeding on the 2 lots of strawberries are given: a mean of 78.3 eggs/~ in the high nitrogen system versus a mean of 62.7 eggs/~ in the low nitrogen system. While this difference due to nutrition was not nearly as great as reported by some authors for this species (GARMAN & KENNEDY, 1949;RODRIGUEZ, 1951;WATSON, 1964) it was enough, when coupled with the periods of oviposition, to give a meaningful power of increase difference between the 2 systems, since eggs laid earlier have a greater impact on power of increase ones than laid later. Life-fecundity tables for T. urticae under both high and low nitrogen systems were constructed after that of Bmcn (1948), MESSENGER (1964) andWATSON (1964).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Potential of predation byMetaseiulus occidentalis in compensating for increased, nutritionally induced, power of increase ofTetranychus urticae

Hamai

Huffaker

1978

Entomophaga

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to ascertain if the predatory phytoseiid Metaseiulus occidentalis (NESmTT) could contain and regulate a prey population of the twospotted mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH, on strawberries at both high and low levels of reproductive increase of the prey species, by use of high and low levels of nitrogen fertilization of the strawberry plants which were grown in 2 hydroponic tanks, I with full nutrients, 1 with 1/40 full nutrients. A 14-h day length was provided. Temperatures averaged 21~ with R.H. averaging about 75. After inoculation prey and predator counts were made weekly. Fecundity tests were conducted throughout the experiment as were leaf analyses to determine the levels of available nutrients.The phytoseiid gave good control of the spider mite population in spite of (compensating for) an increase in fecundity due to the high nutritional qualities of the host plant over a relatively long period of time. The results showed the numerical response of the predator to be sufficient to respond to and control the prey population under both high and low fertilization, although economic control was less reliable under high nitrogen.Much attention has been given to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) in recent decades due mainly to their increasing economic importance. These mites seldom attain severe damaging population levels in natural or semi-natural environments and were not considered major pests of crops until around 1950. Many reasons have been given for their recent rise to serious pest status, but they can be categorized into 2 main hypotheses: (1) The modern broad spectrum pesticides have had a detrimental effect on the many predators of spider mites, thus releasing the mites from their normal controlling agents; (2) Improved cultural practices employed for the host plants have enhanced the conditions for increase of the spider mites, mainly by an increase in their fecundity (HUFFAKER et aL, 1969).Undoubtedly, both of these causes have been involved in certain situations, especially when considering the broad host range and variability of the spider mites themselves, both within a species and within the family Tetranychidae.There are many factors which interact to affect the population of a spider mite species: various features of its life cycle, meteorological conditions, host plant conditions, natural enemies etc. For detailed discussion of these and other factors, see RODRIGUEZ (1964), HUFFAKER et al. (1970), MCMURTRY et ak (1970) VAN DE VRIE et aL (1972) and

show abstract

“…This has, however, proved difficult in the case of those normally feeding on living plants, although larvae of the European Corn Borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hb.)) Similar work has also been carried out with a mite (Tetranychus) by Garman & Kennedy (1949) and by Eodriguez (1952). Changes in the food value of leaves may, nevertheless, be readily induced under controlled conditions by growing plants in sand or water culture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

The Response of Larvae of the Large White Butterfly (Pieris brassicae (L.)) to Diets of Mineral-deficient Leaves

Allen

Selman

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The direct approach to the study of the food requirements of insects is to rear them on artificial diets. This has, however, proved difficult in the case of those normally feeding on living plants, although larvae of the European Corn Borer (Pyrausta nubilalis (Hb.)) have been raised successfully in this way (Bottger, 1942;Beck & Lilly, 1949). Changes in the food value of leaves may, nevertheless, be readily induced under controlled conditions by growing plants in sand or water culture. Studies on insect growth and egg-laying rates on plant food raised in this way have been reported by Smith & Northcott (1951) (Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.) on wheat), Dahms (1947) (Blissus leucopterus (Say) on sorghum); Wittwer & Haseman (1945) (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bch.) on New Zealand spinach); Haseman (1946) (greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.)) on petunia and tomato; Toxoptera on wheat); Creighton (1938) (Alabama on cotton); Barker & Tauber (1951) (Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on Tropaeolum); Allen & Selman (1955) (Phaedon cochleariae (F.) on watercress). Similar work has also been carried out with a mite (Tetranychus) by Garman & Kennedy (1949) and by Eodriguez (1952). There are also numerous relevant field observations of uncertain value (reviewed by Allen, 1954).Little is known concerning the response of leaf-eating caterpillars to the mineral nutrition of the food-plant, although Evans (1938) obtained indications that the carbohydrate and nitrogen content of the plant affected the rate of growth of Pieris brassicae (L.). He found that larvae fed on plants grown in the shade increased in weight more slowly and pupated later than those fed on plants grown in normal light. This slower rate of growth was probably related to the lower carbohydrate and nitrogen content of the plants grown in the shade.In the present work it was found that larvae of P. brassicae were well suited to the study of the effect on insect development of mineral deficiencies in plants, since they are not limited to one species of food-plant, and are easily reared and handled. Technique.In the first experiment, larvae of P. brassicae were fed on leaves of cauliflower grown in sand culture at two levels of nitrogen; in the second experiment the diets consisted of leaves of turnip grown in sand culture with complete nutrients and with deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium, respectively; in the remainder of the experiments leaves of watercress grown in complete nutrient or in iron-deficient water culture solutions were used. Apart from the differences between culture solutions (described below) the mineral-deficient and normal plants were grown under similar conditions and, in any one experiment, the different groups of plants were of similar ages. Before being supplied as food,

show abstract

Effect of Soil Fertilization on the Rate of Reproduction of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Nonlinear response of the two-spotted spider mite to nitrogen stress in bean plants (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Nonlinear response of the two-spotted spider mite to nitrogen stress in bean plants (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Potential of predation byMetaseiulus occidentalis in compensating for increased, nutritionally induced, power of increase ofTetranychus urticae

The Response of Larvae of the Large White Butterfly (Pieris brassicae (L.)) to Diets of Mineral-deficient Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About