Effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on survival of krill larvae and copepods in Antarctic Ocean

Ban, Syuhei; Ohi, Nobuaki; Leong, Sandric Chee Yew; Takahashi, Kunio; Riser, Christian Wexels; Taguchi, Satoru

doi:10.1007/s00300-007-0290-2

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Exposure occurs close to the sea surface but can also occur at greater depths. In the Antarctic summer, significant portions of UVR reach depths of 20-50m (Ban et al, 2007) and are still biologically harmful at 30 m depth (Karentz and Lutze, 1990).…”

Section: Short-term Colour Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marr, 1962;Ozawa et al, 1968;Kubotka, 1981). It is during such periods, and during ascent and/or descent, when krill is exposed to a significant portion of UVR, which can penetrate clear Antarctic waters to at least 20 m (Jerlov, 1976;Karentz and Lutze, 1990;Ban et al, 2007). Owing to the loss of stratospheric ozone, the amount of UVR reaching the surface of the oceans, especially UVB, has increased in the recent decades (Solomon, 1990;Smith et al, 1992) and so should have exposure of krill to harmful UVR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and morphological colour change in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: a field study in the Lazarev Sea

Auerswald¹,

Freier

Lopata

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAntarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is very susceptible to harmful solar radiation because of its unique genetic setup. Exposure occurs in spring to autumn during vertical diel migration and during occasional daytime surface-swarming. We have investigated colour change in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, during summer and winter in the Lazarev Sea in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Short-term physiological colour change and long-term (seasonal) morphological colour change are present. Both are facilitated by a single type of monochromatic red chromatophore, i.e. erythrophores, of 20-450 μm diameter. Superficial erythrophores cover large dorsal areas, especially above vital organs (brain, sinus glands), additional ʻprofoundʼ erythrophores cover internal organs (heart, gut, nerve cords). Short-term change in light regime causes rapid physiological colour change along dense bundles of microtubules: pigment disperses into chromorhizae upon exposure to PAR and UVA and to a lesser extent to UVB. Darkness leads to aggregation of pigment in the centre and hence blanching. There is no circadian rhythm in the dispersal state of erythrophores present in winter. Physiological colour change in adult krill is two to three times more rapid in summer than in winter. Furthermore, seasonal changes in light regime also result in a profound morphological colour change: in summer animals, abdominal astaxanthin concentration is 450% and erythrophore count is 250-480% higher than in winter krill. We conclude from our results, that pigmentation of E. superba serves in the protection from harmful solar radiation and is adapted to the varying diel and seasonal light conditions.

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Section: Short-term Colour Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and morphological colour change in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: a field study in the Lazarev Sea

Auerswald¹,

Freier

Lopata

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The absorbance compounds were extracted immediately after the copepods were collected from Xiamen Bay Ban et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2012). Strategies which the zooplankton uses to alleviate UVR induced damage include photoprotection, photorepair, and behavioral response (Hansson & Hylander, 2009;Häder et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of UV radiation on respiration, ammonia excretion, and survival of copepods with different feeding habits

Gao

2012

Hydrobiologia

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Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to harm aquatic organisms by damaging key molecules. Here, we showed that UV-A as well as UV-B affected differentially the respiration, ammonia excretion, and mortality of the copepods Pseudodiaptomus marinus (herbivorous) and Labidocera bipinnata (omnivorous). Adding UV-A (320-400 nm, 62.4 W m -2 ) to PAR (400-700 nm, 278 W m -2 ) decreased respiration by 10.2% in P. marinus and 46.1% in L. bipinnata, and additionally, the presence of UV-B (280-320 nm, 2.63 W m -2 ) further decreased it by 8.1 and 18.8%, respectively. The ammonia excretion of P. marinus was suppressed by 13.9% in 30 min exposures to PAR ? UV-A compared with those receiving PAR only; however, in the presence of UV-B, it decreased by 13.8% compared to the control. In L. bipinnata, exposure to PAR decreased the ammonia excretion by 33.4%, while the presence of UV-B caused additional suppression by 15.8%. The mortalities of both copepod species increased with prolonged duration under all radiation treatments. More carotenoids and UV-absorbing compounds were found in P. marinus than in L. bipinnata, which could have been responsible for the higher resistance of the former to solar UVR.

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“…Auerswald et al 2008), although a direct harmful effect of blue light (450 nm) has been detected for the copepod species Diaptomus nevadensis (Hairston 1976). Documented harmful effects of PAR are otherwise rare, although high PAR intensity is known to inhibit photosynthesis in plants (Krause 1988), while UVR commonly known to have harmful effects (Browman et al 2000;Lesser et al 2004;Ban et al 2007;Bancroft et al 2007). However, the UVR treatment contra the control did not prove any difference in the response of the animals, suggesting that A. glacialis is not able to specifically detect UVR.…”

Section: Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to depletion of ozone in polar areas (Kerr and McElroy 1993;Müller et al 1997), the incoming UVR reaches biologically harmful levels (Madronich et al 1998) that can penetrate down to 20-30 water depth (Karentz and Lutze 1990). Harmful effects of UVR have been documented for various organisms, including polar crustaceans (Malloy et al 1997;Obermüller et al 2005;Ban et al 2007;Krapp et al 2009). Even though factors like low sun angle, clouds, snow and ice cover and thickness, and particles incorporated in the ice reduce the light intensity penetrating to the underside of the ice, harmful levels of UVR have been recorded under the ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive significance of chromatophores in the Arctic under-ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis

et al. 2010

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Solar radiation is a crucial factor governing biological processes in polar habitats. Containing harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR), it can pose a threat for organisms inhabiting surface waters of polar oceans. The present study investigated the physiological color change in the obligate sympagic amphipod Apherusa glacialis mediated by red-brown chromatophores, which cover the body and internal organs of the species. Short-term experimental exposure to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) led to pigment dispersal in the chromatophores, resulting in darkening of the animal. Irradiation in the PAR range (400-700 nm) was identified as the main trigger with high light intensities evoking marked responses within 15 min. After exposure to high PAR, darkness led to a slow aggregation of pigments in the cell center after 24 h. Experiments revealed no statistically significant change in coloration of the animal when exposed to different background colors nor UV radiation. Our results point to a doseand time-dependent photoprotective role of chromatophores in the amphipod, presuming a shielding effect from harmful radiation in a dispersed state. The reversible nature of the physiological color change enables the species to adapt dynamically to prevailing light conditions and thereby minimize the cost of increased conspicuousness toward visually hunting predators.

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Effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on survival of krill larvae and copepods in Antarctic Ocean

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Physiological and morphological colour change in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: a field study in the Lazarev Sea

Physiological and morphological colour change in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: a field study in the Lazarev Sea

Impacts of UV radiation on respiration, ammonia excretion, and survival of copepods with different feeding habits

The adaptive significance of chromatophores in the Arctic under-ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis

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