Effect of solvent evaporation technique on the characteristics of curing agent microcapsules and the curing process

Fan, Jinsheng; Zheng, Yudong; Xie, Yu; Sun, Yi; Luan, Yihao; Jiang, Wenge; Cai, Wei; Liu, Shumin; Liu, Xiaobing

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.11.014

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Currently, there has been considerable focus on the preparation and performance of microcapsules based on MF resin. 25 –29 Salaun et al 30 analysed the influence of the phase volume ratio, surfactant type, stirring speed, pH, reaction temperature and core/shell mass ratio on the properties of microcapsules. The results indicated that optimal synthesis conditions during the emulsion phase are as follows: a pH of 4, temperature of 55°C and volume ratio of 0.42 between Tween 20 and Brij-35.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors further suggested the influence of the speed and time of stirring and core/shell ratio on the particle size distribution and surface morphology. Fan et al 29 found the emulsifier content and the mass ratio of the core/shell to be the key factors influencing the preparation process. The optimal preparation parameters were found to be an emulsifier content of 2 wt%, agitation rate of 700 r/min and mass ratio of core/shell of 1:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Cheng

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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Melamine (M), phenol (P) and formaldehyde (F) were used as raw materials to synthesize a melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin (MPF) which was used as shell material to prepare a self-healing microcapsule with E-51 epoxy resin as the core, via in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize the surface morphology, structure and properties of the microcapsule. The influence of the reaction conditions on the properties of the microcapsule was investigated by orthogonal testing. The mass ratio between the MPF shell and the epoxy resin core was found to be 1.2:1.0, optimum pH for shell formation was found to be 3, the emulsification speed was 800 r/min, the acidification speed was 400 r/min and the acidification temperature was 60°C. Under these conditions, the prepared microcapsules are regular and spherical with a smooth, dense surface and uniform particle size with a normal distribution. The microcapsules remained well dispersed and did not aggregate. The orthogonal test revealed that the average particle size and yield of the microcapsules are mainly determined by the core/shell mass ratio, whereas the reaction temperature had a greater impact on the core content of the microcapsules. Although the best microcapsule samples showed poor anti-permeability in ethanol, they exhibited good thermal, isothermal and storage stabilities. This indicates that they may be stored at a constant temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Cheng

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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“…Hollow microcapsule with poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell was immersed into polyoxypropylenetriamine. Diuron-containing capsule with polystyrene (PS) shell were prepared by the method of solvent evaporation in an oil-in-water emulsion 30 . The cationic catalytic curing agent (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O•BF 3 microcapsules for self-healing material were synthesized via infiltrating method 32 .…”

Section: Microencapsulation Of Tris(dimethylaminomethyl) Phenol Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a general approach that healing agent is microencapsulated by the polymeric shell material via interfacial polymerization 25 , situ polymerization 26 – 29 , or solvent evaporation 30 in a stable emulsion system. The endo-dicyclopentadiene microcapsule was firstly reported for self-healing material, which was embedded together with the Grubby catalyst in an epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol using polystyrene shell for self-healing materials

Zhang²,

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The self-healing function of the polymer material has been realized by the microencapsulation technology of the healing agent. A novel microcapsule contained tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30) with polystyrene as shell material was prepared via solvent evaporation technique in a W/O/W emulsion. Two key strategies were implemented to prepare the microcapsules successfully. First, a small amount of deionized water was added into DMP-30 to form a complex, and a stable W/O emulsion was successfully prepared. The second one is to form a stable W/O/W emulsion system with the high viscosity aqueous solution added with Arabia gum and surfactants as the third phase. In addition, the influencing factors of microcapsules preparation were investigated systematically. The chemical structure of DMP-30 microcapsule was investigated by Fourier transform infrared. The morphology and shell thickness of the microcapsules were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The reactivity of the core material was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal properties of microcapsules were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The environmental resistance of microcapsules was verified by the isothermal aging test. Results showed that DMP-30 was successfully coated by polystyrene and the microcapsule size was in the range of 2–40 μm. The synthesized microcapsules were thermally stable below 50 °C.

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“…Generally, there are three usual modification methods to turn it into latent curing agent. The first one is to encapsulate imidazole [17][18][19][20][21][22] curing agents in other materials. The second one is to substitute the [23][24][25][26] active hydrogen in secondary amine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Imidazole as a Novel Latent Curing Agent with Toughening Effect for Epoxy

Shi¹,

Shen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Eng. Sci.

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α, β-unsaturated diester was used to react with secondary amine in imidazole ring and also restrain its reactivity. The modified imidazole would thermally decompose into imidazole and unsaturated diesters. Mixture of the latent curing agent with epoxy resins has long storage stability at room temperature for more than one month. The curing behavior of modified imidazole/epoxy was investigated by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry method and the curing kinetics results revealed that the modified imidazole has higher curing temperature but similar apparent activation energy. Furthermore, the modified imidazole brings better impact strength for cured epoxy.

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Effect of solvent evaporation technique on the characteristics of curing agent microcapsules and the curing process

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Microencapsulation of tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol using polystyrene shell for self-healing materials

A Modified Imidazole as a Novel Latent Curing Agent with Toughening Effect for Epoxy

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