Effect of Some Biological Control Fungi on Life Stages of the Two-Spot Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranchidaea) on Eggplant

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of some filtrate of bio-fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperelloides, Beauveria bassiana and Penicillium sp.) in controlling the two-spot spider mite that infects eggplant. Fungi filtrates have been tested against all roles of the red mite (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults). The results showed that T. harzianum was the most effective among other fungi in controlling T. urticae, recording the lowest egg hatching of 55.42% and the highest mortality rate for motile instars, which reached 69.37 60.04 and 62.33 for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, with a significant difference from the fungi. T. asperelloides, B. bassiana, and Penicillium sp. respectively. As for the concentration of the filtrate, in general, the efficiency of the filtrate increased with increasing concentration. The concentration of 100% recorded the highest reduction in the number of hatched eggs with a hatching rate of 59.33% and an increase of the dead individuals with mortality rates of 60.00, 55.37 and 51.58% for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, compared to concentration 25%, which led to a hatching rate of 79.67% and significantly less mortality for all stages.

Effect of Adding Fruit Powder (Brassica oleracea) to the Diet of Ross 308 Broiler Breeder Males on some Testicular Tissue Traits

“…A lighting system of 14 hours of light per day was followed until the end of the experiment. According to the guide to raising laying hens [7]. 120 grams of feed was offered to each rooster and 140 grams to each hen per day using hanging feeders.…”

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Euterpe oleracea (Açaí) Fruit to the Diet of Laying Hens on the Volume of Ejaculate, Sperm Motility and Some Histological Characteristics

“…The aromatase enzyme converts testosterone hormone into estrogen, which inhibits reproductive hormone secretions and affects testosterone release in the testes, which in turn reduces fertility [4,5]. Decreased levels of LH and FSH are the consequence of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction and poor sperm production caused by low testosterone levels [6]. Consequently, there has been a surge in study on ways to enhance rooster fertility and identify variables that affect sperm quality.…”