Effect of soybean hulls on lactation curves and the composition of goat milk

Abstract

-This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls (SBH) as a ground corn replacement (0, 50, and 100% SBH) on the parameters of the lactation curve and on lactation curves and milk composition. Fourteen multiparous Saanen goats were used during their lactation period, from kidding until the drying of their milk on the 228th day of lactation, and were distributed in a completely randomised design. The data was analysed using Bayesian methodology to minimise the effect of the low number of animals and to allow for comparison of the curve parameters estimated by Wood's nonlinear model. The SBH had no effect on the initial milk yield; nevertheless, the SBH reduced the rate of yield until lactation peak and accelerated the declining rate of yield after lactation. The treatments did not affect dry matter intake. The inclusion of SBH increased the fat content in the milk, which was also influenced by the lactation stage of the goats. Effects were observed on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/total AG ratio, and the n-6:n-3 ratio of goat milk fat. The lactation stage changed the content of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and C18:2 (conjugated linoleic acid). The SBH can therefore be used as a ground corn replacement in the diets of lactating goats, as changes in the lactation curve parameters did not result in changes in total yields. Nevertheless, if the milk fat increases, then as quality rises, so could payment by quality, and thus an increase in profit margins per liter of milk sold.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE MARACUJÁ (Passiflora edulis) COM DIFERENTES TEMPOS DE IMERSÃO EM ÁCIDO SULFÚRICO

“…de Azambuja e seus colaboradores (2015), que ao trabalharem com doses de nitrogênio obtiveram uma produção de 100.500,00 frutos.ha -1 com uma produtividade média de 36.000,00 kg ha -1 . Tabela 3 -Análise de variância e valores médios da produtividade total (PT), massa fresca do fruto (MFF), frutos por planta (F.P -1 ), acidez titulável em mL de ácido cítrico 100g -1 de polpa (AT) e potencial hidrogeniônico (PH), em função da aplicação de doses de nitrogênio na abobrinha italiana (Cucurbita pepo L.).…”

“…Soares et al, (2017) encontraram CPe que variaram de 10,20 a 22,30 cm. De acordo com Fuhrmann (2015), o ideal é o fenótipo com forma da planta compacta, pois está intimamente relacionado à facilidade de práticas culturais.…”

“…Os grãos limpos, dos quais se deseja separar os cotilédones (polpas) dos tegumentos (cascas), não devem sofrer compressão durante a remoção da casca (descascamento), pois nesse caso, parte do óleo passaria para a casca e se perderia (MANDARINO et al, 2001). A casca é uma pele fina que envolve o grão de soja, e após ser removido pode ser utilizado na alimentação de ruminantes em substituição aos grãos de milho (ZAMBOM et al, 2017).…”

“…A casca de soja é um subproduto obtido da extração do óleo de soja (ZAMBOM et al, 2017). Durante o processamento, os grãos são transportados através de rolos quebradores, onde a soja é quebrada em pedaços e a casca é separada do grão através de separadores de cascas na forma de ciclone (CUSTÓDIO, 2003).…”

Soybean hulls inclusion on silage of wet brewery waste

“…A wide range of agro-industrial by-products are available in large quantities which have considerable nutritional potential to use in livestock (Senthilkumar et al, 2010;Ferreira et al, 2011;Patra & Yu, 2013). Alternative regional foods (co-products or by-products) from the agribusiness, from grain crops, fruit and fruit processing companies, biofuel industries (alcohol and mainly biodiesel) have been widely used in the feeding of ruminants in various aspects (value nutrition and digestibility of food, such as performance (consumption, weight gain and feed conversion), ruminal and blood parameters of animals, the production and quality of meat or milk, and the economic viability of this use (Beigh, Ganai, & Ahmad, 2017;Zambom et al, 2017).…”