Effect of Strength and Power Training on Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Miszko, Tanya A.; Cress, M. Elaine; Slade, Jill M.; Covey, Carlton J.; Agrawal, Sumit; Doerr, Christopher E.

doi:10.1093/gerona/58.2.m171

Cited by 313 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The inclusion of explosive contractions in strength training results in overall neuromuscular adaptations in the elderly, such as increases in the maximal concentric power, the rates of force development and rapid muscle activation, and maximal dynamic strength (Häkkinen et al 2001;Izquierdo et al 2001a). Moreover, certain studies have reported that strength training using high velocity during concentric contractions results in greater improvements in functional capacity when compared with strength training using only slow velocity of contractions (Earles et al 2001;Sayers et al 2003;Henwood et al 2008;Miszko et al 2003;Orr et al 2006;Bottaro et al 2007;Correa et al 2012;Pereira et al 2012;Reid and Fielding 2012). In the study by Pereira et al (2012), 12 weeks of high-speed power training improved walking speed and performance on functional tests, such as "sit to stand" and "get up and go" in elderly women.…”

Section: Long-term Concurrent Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

Izquierdo

2013

AGE

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The purpose of the present study was to review the scientific literature that investigated concurrent training adaptations in elderly populations, with the aim of identifying the optimal combination of both training program variables (i.e., strength and endurance) to avoid or minimize the interference effect in the elderly. Scielo, Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Concurrent training is the most effective strategy by which to improve neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions as well as functional capacity in the elderly. The volume and frequency of training appears to play a critical role in concurrent training-induced adaptations in elderly subjects. Furthermore, new evidence indicates that the intra-session exercise order may influence the magnitude of physiological adaptations. Despite the interference effect on strength gains that is caused by concurrent training, this type of training is advantageous in that the combination of strength and endurance training produces both neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations in the elderly. The interference phenomenon may be observed in elderly subjects when a moderate weekly volume of concurrent training (i.e., three times per week) is performed. However, even with the occurrence of this phenomenon, the performance of three concurrent training sessions per week appears to optimize the strength gains in relative brief periods of training (12 weeks). Moreover, performing strength prior to endurance exercise may optimize both neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains.

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Section: Long-term Concurrent Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

Izquierdo

2013

AGE

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“…Interventions based on physical activity programs, including resistance exercise, have been shown to improve a variety of performance measures, such as walking speed, speed in climbing a flight of stairs, balance, and to rise up from a sitting position [32,33]. Other intervention studies with short follow-up suggest that physical activity can increase the score of SPPB [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Brisk Walking on Physical Performance and Muscle Function in Community Dwelling Elderly Women

Rossi¹,

Rubele²,

Luca³

et al. 2017

J Gerontol Geriatr Res

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Aim: To examine the impact of a 12-week brisk walking program on physical performance and muscle function in community-dwelling healthy elderly women. Methods:The study was conducted in a group of 27 women with mean age 68.6 ± 5.5 years and mean BMI 28.2 ± 4.37 Kg/m 2 . Anthropometric variables (BMI, weight, height, waist circumference), body composition measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), the 400 meters walking test, the short physical performance battery, the physical activity level with the PASE questionnaire, handgrip, isometric strength and power of the lower limbs with dynamometer were evaluated at baseline and three months follow-up.All subjects were involved in brisk walking sessions, 1 and ½ h per day on 2 days each week under the supervision of a qualified physical education instructor for 12 weeks. The physical activity intensity has been calculated on the basis of the Borg Scale (RPE scale=13 "somewhat hard"). Results:At 3 months of follow-up, a reduction in waist circumference, total and percentage fat mass, an improvement of peak torque and power of lower limbs and in all the performance test administered was observed.In addition, dividing the population into two sub-groups based on the frequency to walking groups, it was observed that the group with higher attendance presented a significantly greater increase of muscle peak torque, power and specific power values. Moreover subjects with greater attendance showed significantly higher reduction of the time to perform the 400 meters test. Conclusions:Moderate aerobic exercise can improve muscle strength, physical performance and body composition. Dividing the study population into two groups on the basis of greater or lesser participation in the walk groups, the group with frequency percentage higher than 70% showed a significantly greater improvement in peak torque, power and the specific power, suggesting a dose-dependent effect.

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“…No indivíduo idoso está claro que a potência e não a força muscular é o fator determinante para a melhora da independência e da qualidade de vida (44,45) , além de ser melhor indicador para a prevenção do risco de quedas (46) . Assim, no idoso, é necessário que o fortalecimento muscular seja feito em alta intensidade.…”

Section: Benefícios Da Atividade Física Para a População Idosaunclassified

O efeito da atividade física no aparelho locomotor do idoso

Pedrinelli¹,

Nobre²

2009

Rev. bras. ortop.

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arTiGO DE aTUaLizaçãO rESUMOAlterações fisiológicas que ocorrem no aparellho locomotor devido ao envelhecimento como perda de massa muscular, perda do equilíbrio corporal, diminuição da massa óssea e osteoartrose causam limitações às atividade da vida diária do idoso, comprometendo sua qualidade de vida e o tornando mais frágil e dependente. Idosos que realizam atividade física periodicamente tem melhor independência funcional e melhor qualidade de vida do que aquele sedentário. Esse artigo aborda as principais alterações fisiológica do processo de envelhecimento e realiza uma revisão da literatura atual sobre os efeitos que o exercício físico causa no aparelho locomotor do idoso, especificando qual a melhor forma de prescrever atividade física nessa faixa etária. iNTrODUçãO O processo de envelhecimento biológico determina alterações no aparelho locomotor, que causam limitações às atividades da vida diária e, assim, comprometem a qualidade de vida da pessoa que envelhece. A diminuição do nível de atividade pode levar o idoso a um estado de fragilidade e de dependência. Evidências atuais demonstram que a atividade física traz benefícios à saúde do idoso, mantendo independência funcional (1) e melhorando sua qualidade de vida (2) . DescritoresProjeções populacionais (3) estimam que a população idosa brasileira ampliará sua importância relativa de 5,4% em 2000 para 18,4% em 2050 e que a pirâmi-de etária evoluirá em processo de estreitamento de sua base, caracterizando envelhecimento da população.Dentre as queixas relacionadas com o sistema musculoesquelético, a osteoartrose (OA) é a doença articular mais prevalente entre os indivíduos acima dos 65 anos (4) . Aproximadamente metade das pessoas com mais de 65 anos apresenta OA; sua prevalência aumenta para 85% nos com mais de 80 anos (5,6) . Estudos referem que 27% da população entre 63 e 70 anos apresentam sinais radiológicos de OA do joelho (7) . A OA é uma das principais causas de doença crônica e de incapacidade na população idosa (8) .

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Effect of Strength and Power Training on Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract: Power training was more effective than strength training for improving physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

Cited by 313 publications

References 24 publications

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

Effects of Brisk Walking on Physical Performance and Muscle Function in Community Dwelling Elderly Women

O efeito da atividade física no aparelho locomotor do idoso

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