Effect of strigolactones and auxins on growth and metabolite content of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. microplants in vitro

Grobbelaar, M.C.; Makunga, Nokwanda P.; Stander, Maria A.; Koßmann, Jens; Hills, P.N.

doi:10.1007/s11240-014-0449-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The upper right quadrant of the S-plot shows those components which are elevated in the S.fru-H 2 O extract, while the lower left quadrant shows components elevated in the S.fru-OH group. We used several sources from the primary literature to identify several chemicals that are known to occur in S. frutescens extracts (for details refer to Albrecht et al [ 1 ], Grobbelaar et al [ 26 ]; Acharya et al [ 28 ]) and Additional file 1 shows the chromatograms of the test samples. Sutherlandioside C (m/z 695.3996 [M + formate] − eluting at 17.86 min) was detected in the aqueous extract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this method, five replicate injections were done for reproducibility and the relative standard deviation of less than 3% was recorded. This work was conducted at the Central Analytical Facility of Stellenbosch University and this technique is also reported by Grobbelaar et al [ 26 ] and the LC-MS/MS method is used routinely in our environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It thus remains important to identify the biochemicals responsible for bioactivity of Sutherlandia plant extracts. At this time, the chemistry has not yet been comprehensively studied, with only eight molecules being used as reporter chemicals [ 26 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cone voltage of 15 V (positive ionisation mode) and a capillary voltage of 3.0 kV was set and helium was used as the desolvation gas (650 l/h flow rate) at a temperature of 275 °C. The LC-MS/MS method used here was similar to that developed by Albrecht et al [ 1 ] and used also by Grobbelaar et al [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative cardio and developmental toxicity induced by the popular medicinal extract of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. detected using a zebrafish Tuebingen embryo model

Chen¹,

Gong

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundSutherlandia frutescens is one of the most promising commercialized, indigenous and medicinal plants of South Africa that is used as an immune-booster, and a traditional treatment for cancer. However, few studies report on its toxicology and dosage in vivo. There is still room to better understand its cytotoxicity effects in animal systems.MethodsWe prepared two extracts, one with 80% (v/v) ethanol, and the other, with water. Both were studied to determine the maximum tolerable concentration when extracts were applied at 0 to 200 μg/ml to a Tuebingen zebrafish embryo line. The development of zebrafish embryos after 24 h post fertilization (hpf) was studied. A concentration range of 5 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml was then chosen to monitor the ontological development of cultured embryos. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to study the differences of the two experimental extracts. Chemical variation between the extracts was illustrated using chemometrics.ResultsBoth extracts led to bleeding and pericardial cyst formation when applied at high concentrations to the zebrafish embryo culture. Chronic teratogenic toxicities, leading to pericardial edema, yolk sac swelling, and other abnormal developmental characteristics, were detected. The aqueous extracts of S. frutescens were less toxic to the larvae than the ethanol extracts, validating preference for aqueous preparations when used in traditional medicine. Chemical differences between the water extracts and alcoholic extracts were analysed using LC-MS/MS. A supervised metabolomics approach, targeting the sutherlandiosides and sutherlandins using orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), illustrated that sutherlandiosides were the main chemical features that can be used to distinguish between the two extracts, despite the extracts being highly similar in their chemical constituents.ConclusionThe water extract caused less cytotoxic and abnormal developmental effects compared to the ethanolic extract, and, this is likely due to differences in concentrations of extracted chemicals rather than the chemical profile per se. This study provides more evidence of cytotoxicity effects linked to S. frutescens using the zebrafish embryo bioassay as a study tool.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2303-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative cardio and developmental toxicity induced by the popular medicinal extract of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. detected using a zebrafish Tuebingen embryo model

Chen¹,

Gong

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Amino acid contents were determined using the method described by Grobbelaar, Makunga, Stander, Kossmann, and Hills (2014) with slight modifications. Amino acid separation and detection was performed using a Waters Acquity Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatograph (UPLC) fitted with a photodiode array (PDA) detector.…”

Section: Amino Acid Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of some quality attributes of soymilk through optimization of selected soybean sprouting parameters using response surface methodology

Oyedeji

Mellem

Ijabadeniyi

2018

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Improvement of some quality attributes of soymilk through optimization of selected soybean sprouting parameters using response surface methodology, CyTA -Journal of Food, 16:1, 230-237, DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10. 1080/19476337.2017 ABSTRACTThis study aimed at producing functional soymilk by optimizing the sprouting conditions of soybeans using response surface methodology. Soaking (12-24 h) and germination times (48-96 h) were optimized using central complete randomized design. Responses obtained from experimental runs were fitted into second order polynomial regression model. Significance of model parameters was tested using ANOVA and R 2 was evaluated. The optimum sprouting conditions of soybeans were 12 h soaking and 52 h germination using desirability concept. Soymilk made from optimized conditions had 17% increase in total proteins, 50% reduction in phytic acid, 1.7% increase in total phenolics and a color change (ΔE) of 4.89 compared with the control. There was a significant reduction in trypsin inhibitor activity (0.03 mg/g TI), with increase in total amino acids and similar rheological properties in optimized soymilk. Optimized conditions obtained are adequate in the production of soymilk with improved nutritional and quality attributes.Mejoramiento de algunos atributos de calidad de la leche de soya [soja] a partir de la optimización de parámetros seleccionados de germinado de soya utilizando la metodología de superficies de respuesta RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso producir leche de soya funcional a partir de la optimización de las condiciones de germinado de la soya, utilizando la metodología de superficies de respuesta. Con este objetivo se optimizaron la duración del remojo (12-24 h) y de la germinación (48-96 h) usando el diseño central completo aleatorizado. Las respuestas obtenidas en las pruebas experimentales fueron ajustadas al modelo de regresión polinomial de segundo orden. La significancia de los parámetros del modelo fue sometida a prueba, empleando ANOVA y evaluando R 2 . Partiendo del concepto de deseabilidad se determinó que las condiciones óptimas para el germinado de la soya son 12 h de remojo y 52 h de germinación. Se constató que en la leche de soya preparada bajo estas condiciones optimizadas se registró un aumento de 17% de proteínas totales, una reducción de 50% de ácido fítico, un aumento de 17% de fenólicos totales y un cambio de color de 4.89 en comparación con el control. Además, en la leche de soya optimizada se detectó una reducción significativa de la actividad inhibidora de la tripsina (0.03 mg/g TI), presentándose un incremento en los aminoácidos totales y que la misma exhibe propiedades reológicas similares. Las condiciones optimizadas logradas resultan adecuadas para la producción de leche de soya con atributos nutricionales y de calidad mejorados. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Nutrient composition and content of various biological active compounds of three South African-based commercial seaweed biostimulants

Lötze¹,

Hoffman

2015

J Appl Phycol

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Effect of strigolactones and auxins on growth and metabolite content of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. microplants in vitro

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative cardio and developmental toxicity induced by the popular medicinal extract of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. detected using a zebrafish Tuebingen embryo model

Comparative cardio and developmental toxicity induced by the popular medicinal extract of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. detected using a zebrafish Tuebingen embryo model

Improvement of some quality attributes of soymilk through optimization of selected soybean sprouting parameters using response surface methodology

Nutrient composition and content of various biological active compounds of three South African-based commercial seaweed biostimulants

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