Effect of stroke on nutritional status and its relationship with dysphagia

Post-stroke Dysphagia: Recent Insights and Unanswered Questions

“…Table 1 summarizes independent predictors of post-stroke dysphagia. Other predictors of post-stroke dysphagia not appearing in multiple sources include male sex [ 21 ], higher Glasgow Coma Scale on admission [ 22 ], hemorrhagic vs. ischemic stroke [ 37 ], anterior or middle cerebral artery involvement [ 22 ], large vs. small vessel occlusion [ 23 ], and facial palsy [ 31 ]. Hyperlipidemia and lesions isolated to the thalamus are reported to occur less frequently in those with post-stroke dysphagia [ 24 , 25 ], but there is no apparent protective measure of either condition.…”

“…Recent work in stroke has attempted to predict the influence of post-stroke dysphagia and other patient factors on unfavorable outcomes. There is an association of post-stroke dysphagia with increased mortality [ 22 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 37 , 56 – 58 ], overall unfavorable outcome [ 34 , 35 , 58 ], greater dependency [ 30 , 36 , 57 ], longer length of stay [ 33 , 36 ], less likely to discharge home [ 35 , 36 , 57 , 58 ], and modified diet or reliance on tube feeding [ 22 , 35 , 43 , 57 ]. Longer length of stay due to dysphagia may occur in patients whose medical evaluation is completed, but the medical team is waiting to see if the dysphagia will resolve or a percutaneous gastrostomy tube is needed, as many skilled nursing facilities will not admit patients reliant to tube feeding, but without a permanent feeding tube.…”

The efficacy and safety of catheter balloon dilatation in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Risk factors for dysphagia include Older age, [6,7] Greater NIHSS, [6–11] Lower Barthel index, [12,13] Malnutrition or lower body mass index at admission, [12,14,15] Greater lesion volume, [10,11,16,17] Subcortical or cortical involvement, [18–20] Brainstem involvement, [9,18,19,21–24] Corticobulbar tract involvement, [13,25] White matter involvement, [9,13,25] Presence of dysarthria, [16,22] Presence of dysphonia or reduced maximum pitch, [16,26] and Cognitive impairment or dementia. [27,28]…”

“…The neural circuit that produces the swallowing pattern is located in the medulla oblongata. [5] Risk factors for dysphagia include Older age, [6,7] Greater NIHSS, [6][7][8][9][10][11] Lower Barthel index, [12,13] Malnutrition or lower body mass index at admission, [12,14,15] Greater lesion volume, [10,11,16,17] Subcortical or cortical involvement, [18][19][20] Brainstem involvement, [9,18,19,[21][22][23][24] Corticobulbar tract involvement, [13,25] White matter involvement, [9,13,25] Presence of dysarthria, [16,22] Presence of dysphonia or reduced maximum pitch, [16,26] and Cognitive impairment or dementia. [27,28] The consequences of dysphagia after a stroke include an increased risk of pulmonary complications, dehydration, malnutrition, and death.…”

Dysphagia Towards Nutrient Intake and Malnutrition Case in Stroke Patients: Literature Review

“…Dysphagia is one of the most important clinical manifestations of stroke disease where dysphagia can be interpreted as difficulty in skipping food bolus efficiently and safely within food pathways (Ortega Barrio, Valiñas Sieiro, Almarza Fernández, Bravo Santamaría, & Moreno Maestro, 2019). In addition to the age factor and neurological disorders, dysphagia is associated with lower capacities to maintain adequate dietary intake (Cristina Dessuy Vieira, Cristina Callegaro, Schmidt Pasqualoto, & Beatriz Bento Franz, 2018) which less than 50 percent intake that can be consumed stroke patients i.e 33 percent in fulfilling energy needs and only 10 percent of those who can stand the needs within 2 weeks after admission to the hospital (Adam C. Lieber, Estee Hong, David Putrino, Dominic A. Nistal, Jonathan S.Pan, 2018) and the problem leads to greater risk of malnutrition during hospitalization and so does the after (Cristina Dessuy Vieira et al, 2018).…”