Effect of Substrate Temperature on Deposition Behavior of Copper Particles on Substrate Surfaces in the Cold Spray Process

Fukumoto, Masahiro; Wada, Hirotaka; Tanabe, Kokorou; Yamada, Motohiro; Yamaguchi, Eiji; Niwa, A.; Sugimoto, M.; Izawa, Moriyasu

doi:10.1007/s11666-007-9121-9

Cited by 126 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Coatings of relatively soft metals have been effectively produced by the process and superior coating properties compared with conventional thermally-sprayed coatings have been reported. [6][7][8][9][10][11] To get a high quality coating, utilization of fine particles may be effective as a more dense coating is likely to be fabricated by the fine particles. Cold spray process is different from high temperature thermal spray process, because the particle remains solid during deposition and therefore, the process relies on high particles velocities for deformation upon impact with the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Copper Fine Particle by Cold Spray Process

et al. 2009

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To improve the deposition efficiency of copper fine particles mean diameter around 5 mm onto metallic substrate surface in cold spray process, optimization in nozzle design was performed by numerical simulation. Particles velocity reached up to 585 m/s under the optimum conditions with originally designed nozzle based on the simulation results. In the spraying of copper particles onto normal steel substrate, lamellar-like microstructure was formed near the interface in the steel substrate. Correspondingly, remarkable hardness increase in this lamellarlike region of the steel substrate was recognized due to the higher velocity of the particles attained. Moreover, to reduce the bow shock effect especially for fine particles on the substrate surface in cold spray process, special nozzle was newly designed. The deposition efficiency, Vickers hardness and coating adhesion strength increased significantly especially in case of fine particles, as well as at higher pressure level of the working gas, while nominal particle velocity decreased with the special nozzle. Numerical simulation indicated that the pressure levels on the substrate surface decreased effectively in the newly designed special nozzle. In the observation of sprayed individual particles onto the substrate, extended metal jet was recognized at the splat's periphery when the particle was sprayed with the special nozzle. The results indicate that the decrease of particles velocity due to bow shock was suppressed effectively in the special nozzle as compared to the conventional one.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Copper Fine Particle by Cold Spray Process

et al. 2009

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“…Matching deformation can achieve interfacial instability simultaneously, inducing the material mixing and increasing the bonding strength. Fukumoto's research [58] shows that the deposition ability of copper particles on the steel substrate surface increases and the number of craters decreases remarkably with the increase in substrate temperature. Therefore, heating the substrate is quite effective for the formation of the first layer with a higher deposition ratio in the cold spray process.…”

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced cold spray technology: Deposition characteristics and potential applications

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2011

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Cold spray technology, originated from the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is a rapidly emerging industrial coating technology. Cold sprayed particles with high-velocity impact onto a substrate so as to induce severe plastic deformation and then create a deposit. For its low temperature and high velocity compared with thermal spraying, the cold spraying process is increasingly used in the industries for protective coating. The deposition characteristics of the particles, coating formation and bonding mechanism of the cold spraying process are different from thermal spraying. Many theory investigations of the cold spraying process contribute to the development of the high performance coatings, which makes the cold spraying process as a popular research field. Presently, the deposition characteristics, bonding mechanism, process optimization as well as classical applications of the cold spraying technology in the past are reviewed, and the interesting points for the further development, optimization and applications of this technology are also recommended. cold spray, deposition, coating, bond mechanism, application Citation: Wu X K, Zhang J S, Zhou X L, et al. Advanced cold spray technology: Deposition characteristics and potential applications. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55: 357368,

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“…The quality and the deposition efficiency of the final coatings are significantly affected by substrate surface heating during the thermal or cold spraying process [2,3]. For instance, Watanabe, et al [3] investigated the effect of surface temperature on the adhesion strength of cold-sprayed coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Coefficient of an Under-Expanding Cold Spray Air Jet on a Flat Substrate

Mahdavi¹,

McDonald²

2018

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT'18)

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-A two-dimensional heat conduction model was developed to determine the transient temperature distribution within a flat substrate that was exposed to the impingement of a cold spray hot air jet during the deposition process. The credibility of employing average heat transfer coefficient in mathematical modelling and prediction of the surface temperature profile of a substrate was studied. Moreover, the condition under which the effect of the presence of the in-flight particles on the heat transfer coefficient of the underexpanding air jet can be neglected was investigated. In this regard, a cold spray unit was used to generate a supersonic air jet. A twodimensional heat conduction model was developed and solved by using Green's functions to determine the temperature distribution within the substrate. By applying a surface integral to the analytically-estimated spatially-varying heat transfer coefficient of an underexpanding cold spray air jet, the average heat transfer coefficient was determined. Both the average and spatially-varying heat transfer coefficients were used separately in the model to predict the transient surface temperature profile of the substrate. It was shown that when the Stokes number of the particles is sufficiently small, the effect of the presence of the particles on the heat transfer coefficient of the impinging dilute air-particle jet can be neglected. It was further found that the surface temperature that was predicted by using the average heat transfer coefficient, unlike the spatially-varying heat transfer coefficient, produced large errors, especially at higher distances from the stagnation point of the air jet on the substrate surface.

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Effect of Substrate Temperature on Deposition Behavior of Copper Particles on Substrate Surfaces in the Cold Spray Process

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Deposition of Copper Fine Particle by Cold Spray Process

Deposition of Copper Fine Particle by Cold Spray Process

Advanced cold spray technology: Deposition characteristics and potential applications

Heat Transfer Coefficient of an Under-Expanding Cold Spray Air Jet on a Flat Substrate

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