Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Undaria pinnatifida (SPUP) on Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis of Human Prostatic Cancer

Abstract

Objective. To observe the effect of sulfated polysaccharide from Undaria pinnatifida (SPUP) on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human prostatic cancer. Methods. DU145 human prostate cancer cells were cultured in vitro, and the proliferation activity both in the control group and the SPUP treatment groups (25, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml) was measured by CCK-8 assay. The wound healing assay was conducted to detect the cell migration. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and apoptosis-related factor Bax were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were also determined by Western blot. Results. (1) CCK-8 results showed that the proliferative activity of DU145 cells was significantly decreased with the increase of SPUP treatment concentration (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner and that the inhibitory effect of SPUP was most significant at 72 h (P<0.05) as compared with the control group; (2) the migration rate of SPUP-treated cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with the control group. And the results of qRT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that SPUP inhibited the expression of MMP-9 in DU145 cells; (3) compared with the control group, the SPUP-treated groups had increased apoptosis of the cells. The expressions of apoptosis-related factors cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax were upregulated (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of Bax was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion. SPUP showed an antitumor activity in prostatic cancer, and the underlying mechanism may be pertaining to inhibition of migration, proliferation, and induction of apoptosis of cancer cells.

Anti-Tumor Effects of Biomimetic Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models

“…Furthermore, we showed using a wound healing/ scratch assay that the migration of 2D cultured KRAS-mutant human and murine LUAD cells decreased when cells were exposed to biomimetic sulfated GAGs. The findings are consistent with previous studies, which showed that native sulfated GAGs reduce the migratory abilities of cancerous cells [41,42].…”

“…However, the isolation and purification of homogenous sulfated GAGs is complicated and expensive. Sulfated polysaccharides have previously shown anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on cancerous cells cultured in 2D, which is in agreement with our findings [41,42]. Alginate is a linear polysaccharide and has the same backbone as GAGs with hydroxyl groups that can be sulfated using different sulfating agents, such as SO 3 /pyridine and HClSO 3 acid formamide [27][28][29]31].…”

“…It is possible that human LUAD cells are more sensitive to dimensionality compared to murine; this hypothesis is supported by the significant response of human LUAD cells to treatment in 3D unlike 2D. The effects of AlgSulf n on the murine LUAD cell line were consistent with previous studies showing that sulfated polysaccharides have anti-proliferative effects on carcinoma cells [26,41,42]. Furthermore, we showed using a wound healing/ scratch assay that the migration of 2D cultured KRAS-mutant human and murine LUAD cells decreased when cells were exposed to biomimetic sulfated GAGs.…”

Sulfated Undaria pinnatifida Polysaccharide Promotes Endocytosis of Nano-Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate by Repairing Subcellular Organelles in HK-2 Cells

“…Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharide (UPP) has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor [16][17][18]. The polysaccharide (UPP-2) with a molecular weight of 1035.52 kDa isolated from U. pinnatifida was able to significantly promote the proliferation and cytocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and upregulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increase the secretion of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6, showing immunomodulatory functions [16].…”

“…Koh et al [17] found that fucoidan isolated from New Zealand U. pinnatifida can inhibit the activities of starch hydrolase α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and amyloglucosidase, showing anti-diabetic properties. In addition, U. pinnatifida polysaccharide (SPUP) was able to inhibit the proliferation and migration rate of DU145 cells, and the expression of apoptosis-related factors caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax was upregulated in the SPUP-treated group, which exhibited antitumor activity in prostate cancer [18]. Sulfation modification of plant polysaccharides can enhance many biological activities of polysaccharides, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory [19][20][21][22][23].…”