Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis on type 2 diabetes experimental model

Abstract

Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on Type 2 diabetic rats and compared their effect to metformin treatment. Main methods: Diabetic rats were treated with different doses of nanoparticles one time per week for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level was determined for studied groups during the experimental period (30 days). At the end of the experiment, oral glucose tolerance test was carried out, serum samples were collected for biochemical assays. Then animals were sacrificed to obtain tissues for assessment of glucose transporters, insulin receptors and insulin signaling proteins. Key finding: SPIONs treatment normalized fasting blood glucose and lowering insulin level in diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. SPIONs significantly ameliorate the glucose sensing and the active components of insulin signaling pathway. The anti-diabetic effects of SPIONs may be mediated through its effect on (i) hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha content, which induced by SPIONs treatment in a dose-dependent manner, (ii) adipocytokines as SPIONs treated diabetic rats showed significantly higher levels of adiponectin and lower retinol binding protein 4 compared to untreated diabetic rats, (iii) lipid profile as SPIONs treatment significantly corrected the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner and to a similar extent as metformin or even better. Significance: To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the anti-diabetic effects of SPIONs on diabetic model.

Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Properties of FeO Fabricated Chitosan/PVA Nanocomposite Sponge

“…The positive control metformin-treated cells showed a cellular glucose uptake of 72.46 ± 2.4%, which is lesser than CS/PVA-PD-FeO NPs. Similarly, earlier work has reported that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) significantly reduce the blood glucose level in diabetic rats more so than metformin [ 73 ]. In addition, SPION was found to regulate the expression of obesity and type-2 diabetic-related genes in human preadipocyte cells [ 74 ].…”

In Vivo Distribution of Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoclusters: An Ultrastructural Study

“…Also, Deng et al (2021) [15] tested their biocompatible 4 nm SPIONs, observed no damages in the hepatic tissues, and showed the safe applicability of those NPs as contrast agents. The use of SPIONs-PEG in vivo was reported before [68,69]; however, no other studies are investigating the distribution and histopathological effects of 50 nm SPION-PEG clusters on filtering organs (liver, spleen, kidney) as far as we are aware.…”

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Heating for Biomedical Applications

“…Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-based nanowarming has demonstrated the potential to be a revolutionary technology for the field of cryopreservation, which is invaluable for cell, tissue, and organ banking. The SPIONs-based magnetothermal effect has also been utilized in other biomedical areas such as glucose regulation [143,144]. For instance, Stanley et al decorated a modified temperature-sensitive channel, TRPV1, with antibodycoated SPIONs which were heated with a low-frequency magnetic field to regulate the protein production [145].…”