Effect of supportive therapy on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous marbofloxacin in endotoxemic sheep

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of supportive therapy (ST) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of marbofloxacin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endotoxemic sheep. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. The study was performed using a three‐period cross PK design following a 15‐day washout period. In the first period, marbofloxacin (10 mg/kg) was administered by an intravenous (IV) injection. In the second and third periods, marbofloxacin was co‐administered with ST (lactated ringer + 5% dextrose + 0.45% sodium chloride, IV, 20 ml/kg, dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg, SC) and ST + LPS (E. coli O55:B5, 10 µg/kg), respectively. Plasma marbofloxacin concentration was measured using HPLC‐UV. Following IV administration of marbofloxacin alone, the t1false/2λz, AUC0–∞, ClT, and Vdss were 2.87 hr, 34.73 hr × µg/ml, 0.29 L hr−1 kg−1, and 0.87 L/kg, respectively. While no change was found in the MBX + ST group in terms of the PK parameters of marbofloxacin, it was determined that the ClT of marbofloxacin decreased, AUC0–∞ increased, and t1false/2λz and MRT prolonged in the MBX + ST + LPS group. MIC values of marbofloxacin were 0.031 to >16 µg/ml for E. coli, 0.016 to >16 µg/ml for M. haemolytica, 0.016–1 µg/ml for P. multocida, 0.016–0.25 µg/ml for K. pneumoniae, 0.031–0.063 µg/ml for Salmonella spp., and 0.031–1 µg/ml for S. aureus. The study results show the necessity to make a dose adjustment of marbofloxacin following concomitant administration of ST in endotoxemic sheep. Also, the PK and pharmacodynamic effect of marbofloxacin needs to be determined in naturally infected septicemic sheep following concomitant administration of single and ST.

Un‐fractionated heparin counteracts the systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damages caused by endotoxaemia in sheep

“…The initial fever response, which is caused by a direct impact on the thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus, is thought to have a 1‐hour latency period. If a second high occurs, it appears 4 hours after the endotoxin is administered (Coskun et al., 2020). Endotoxaemia causes fever and in the current study, the rectal temperature of the endotoxic sheep increased significantly after endotoxin infusion (Table 3; p < 0.05).…”