Effect of Supramolecular Structures on Thermoplastic Zein–Lignin Bionanocomposites

Oliviero, Maria; Verdolotti, Letizia; Maio, Ernesto Di; Aurilia, Marco; Iannace, Salvatore

doi:10.1021/jf201728p

Cited by 60 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lignin is one of the most abundant non-toxic, amorphous, natural biopolymers, second only to cellulose (Lundquist and Parkas 2011;Oliviero et al 2011;Sahoo et al 2011). It serves as a continuous matrix component in plant cell walls, providing mechanical strength and structural support (Ibrahim et al 2011;Rozman et al 2011;Silva et al 2011;Yue et al 2011Yue et al , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Toughened Poly(L-lactic) Acid and Lignin Blends

Mu¹,

Xue²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Fully degradable poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) and lignin blends were prepared using the melt blending method. The impact strength of PLLA was dramatically improved by 52.4% and 36.6% with the addition of 5 wt% and 10 wt% of lignin, respectively. Meanwhile, the Young's modulus was maintained. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) results indicated that lignin served as a nucleating agent for the heterogeneous crystallization of PLLA in blends, which was responsible for the improvement in the impact strength. The introduced lignin also promoted the cold-crystallization of PLLA, which was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The blends of PLLA with lignin are considered to be a promising material because of the improved toughness, the full degradability, and the lower price compared with pure PLLA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Toughened Poly(L-lactic) Acid and Lignin Blends

Mu¹,

Xue²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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“…The shift to lower frequencies, or the disappearance of peak, could be attributed to the insertion of lignin component in the both secondary structure conformations and the corresponding formation hydrogen bondings between amino-acid-zein and functional groups of lignin. 24 As reported by Oliviero et al, 24 the reduction of aminoacid-aminoacid interactions in the zein secondary structure, induced by insertion of small molecules, was already observed by several authors. 25,26 Conversely, at high lignin content an increase of peak wavenumber for ordered conformations and a decrease of peak wavenumber for disordered conformations was observed, due to higher number of interaction between zein structure and lignin functional groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The measured FT-IR spectra were deconvoluted in the region (800-1600 cm À1 ) related to the 'Amide I' frequency range. 23,24 In this region, the assignment of the ordered phases (-sheet and -helix) and disordered phase (-turns) stretching vibrations at 1623, 1651 and 1676 cm À1 , respectively, was done according to Rahmelow et al 21 and Singh et al 23 Results showed that the presence of both AL and LSS induced shifting in frequencies of band corresponding to different secondary conformations (Figure 4(a) and (b)). In particular, for samples with low lignin concentration, it is possible to observe an overall shift towards lower vibration frequency for -helix, the disappearance of absorption peaks for -sheet conformations and a corresponding shift towards high frequency for -turns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two kinds of lignins, alkaline lignin and sodium lignosulfonate, on the foamability of thermoplastic zein-based bionanocomposites

Oliviero

Verdolotti

Nedi

et al. 2012

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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The aim of this study was to utilize zein, a protein from corn, to develop bioplastic formulations in combination with reactive additives based on ligninic compounds and to investigate the effects of these highly interactive additives on the foamability of zein. In particular, different amounts of alkaline lignin and sodium lignosulfonate were added to zein powder and poly(ethylene glycol) through melt mixing to achieve thermoplastic bio-polymers, which were subsequently foamed in a batch process, with a mixture of CO2 and N2 as blowing agent, in the temperature range 50–60C. The materials before foaming were characterized by X-ray and Fourier transform infrared analysis to highlight the physico-chemical interactions and the eventual destructuration of the protein secondary structure. After foaming, density measurements, scanning electron microscopy and image analysis have been used in order to evaluate the porosity and the pore size distribution of the microstructure of the foams and to determine the effect of the ligninic compounds on the foamability of the bioplastic

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“…The glass transition temperature (T g ) was measured using dynamic mechanical tests according to Oliviero et al [20] using a DMA Tritec 2000 (Triton Technology, U.K.) in tensile-deformation mode. Temperature scan tests were performed by applying a tensile displacement of 10 lm at a frequency of 1 Hz and a heating rate of 4°C/min from -80 to 120°C.…”

Section: Dmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Produce Thermoplastic Starch–Zein Blends: Effect on Compatibilization

et al. 2014

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Different strategies to produce thermoplastic materials using starch and zein were studied, aiming to investigate their effect on the compatibility of starch and zein. Research strategies comprised the use of two different plasticizers for starch, two different compatibilizing agents, and two blending procedures. The plasticizers were mixtures of sorbitol and glycerol (SG) or urea and formamide (UF). UF and maleated starch (MS) were used as compatibilizing agents. The blending procedures included: (1) thermoextruding starch and zein as premixed powder materials (TP [Mix]) and (2) coextruding the biopolymers previously thermoplasticized with suitable plasticizers. As observed by the tensile tests, scanning electronic microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis, segregation of phases occurred at different extents in all the starch-zein blends. Materials made with MS through the TP [Mix] procedure presented the most severe phases segregation, while the materials made with UF showed higher compatibility between starch and zein. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggests that increased zein content leads to a lower molecular order, which was ascribed to diminished molecular entanglement. Thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR analysis showed that the chemical interaction between starch and zein occurred more extensively in slabs made with UF than those made with MS. In addition, foamability was evaluated for the selected materials using supercritical CO 2 . Neat thermoplasticized starch plasticized with UF and themoplasticized zein with polyethylene-glycol 400 showed good suitability to be foamed, producing foams with porosities above 85 %. Starch plasticized with SG and starch-zein blends yielded compact structures with low porosity values after foaming. Keywords Starch Á Zein Á Compatibilization Á Thermoplastic extrusion Á Foaming Abbreviations UF Urea and formamide mixture at 2:1 (wt:wt) ratio SG Sorbitol and glycerol mixture at 1.4:1 (wt:wt) ratio MS Maleated starch MSG Mixture of native/maleated starch (50:50) and SG as plasticizer TPS UF Native starch thermoplasticized with UF TPS SG Native starch thermoplasticized with SG TPS MSG Thermoplasticized MSG TPZ Zein thermoplasticized with PEG400 Mix[TP] Mixing thermoplasticized biopolymers through thermoextrusion TP[Mix] Thermoplasticizing powder compositions of biopolymers and plasticizers

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Effect of Supramolecular Structures on Thermoplastic Zein–Lignin Bionanocomposites

Cited by 60 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Toughened Poly(L-lactic) Acid and Lignin Blends

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Toughened Poly(L-lactic) Acid and Lignin Blends

Effect of two kinds of lignins, alkaline lignin and sodium lignosulfonate, on the foamability of thermoplastic zein-based bionanocomposites

Strategies to Produce Thermoplastic Starch–Zein Blends: Effect on Compatibilization

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