Effect of Swimming Training and Crocin Consumption on Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway in Muscle Tissue of High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a multi-factorial physical disorder that can lead to motor disorders and muscle mass loss. On the other hand, regular exercises and crocin consumption can exert anti-apoptotic effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of swimming training along with crocin consumption on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in muscle tissue of obese rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 obese male Sprague Dawley rats (age: 16 weeks; weight: 390.12 ± 38.11) were selected and randomly divided into five groups of 7 mice including (1) control, (2) sham, (3) swimming training, (4) crocin consumption, and (5) swimming training and crocin consumption. During eight weeks, groups 3 and 5 performed swimming training three sessions per week and each session lasted 30-60 min, and groups 4 and 5 received 25 mg/kg of crocin (peritoneal) daily. Results: Swimming training had a significant effect on decreased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) gene expression (P = 0.001) and increased P53 (P = 0.001) in the muscle tissue of obese rats while crocin consumption significantly decreased the Bax gene expression (P = 0.001). Moreover, swimming training with crocin consumption had interaction effects on decreased Bax gene expression in the muscle tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that crocin consumption along with training can modify and prevent the progression of apoptosis induced by obesity.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training with Eryngium Campestre on Lipid Profile and Glycemic Indices in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

“…After a one-week adaptation to the laboratory environment, 24 rats were fed with standard HFD. To induce obesity, a fatty diet containing 45% of total energy from fat (20% soybean oil and 20% animal fat), 13% protein, and 47% carbohydrate (24 g fats, 24 g proteins, and 41 g carbohydrates per 100 g) was used for eight weeks (1). It should be noted that this study was performed according to the guidelines for the use and care of laboratory animals.…”

“…Nowadays, obesity is recognized as a major problem for global health and a multi-factorial physical disorder that results from high-calorie intake and low physical activity. Studies have shown that obesity is closely related to the development of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, cancer, motor disorders, and muscle mass loss (1). Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic disorders such as high blood pressure, obesity, high blood triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as insulin resistance.…”

The Effect of Six Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training on eNOS and PGC-1α Gene Expression in the Heart Tissue of Male Obese Rats

“…In the present study, a high fat diet (containing 45% of the total energy from fat (derived from animal fat) comprising 24 g of fat (saturated fatty acid), 24 g of protein, and 41 g of carbohydrate per 100 g) was used for obesity induction (1). The obese rats were then placed into obese control and training groups.…”

“…Low physical activity and consuming a high-calorie diet can induce obesity, which has become a major world health problem. It has been reported that some diseases such as motor disorders, cognitive disorders, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease are closely linked to obesity (1). Metabolic syndrome, which has a significant effect on cardiovascular disease-induced incidences of death, consists of some metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, lipid disorders, and increased insulin resistance (2).…”

Antioxidant Effects of Resistance Training with Pumpkin Seed Extract Consumption in Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to H2O2-induced Oxidative Damage

“…As energy production is associated with hydrogen ion production, it increases hydroxyl radicals, thereby increasing pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) as an enhancer of oxidative stress and impairing the function of proton vectors such as cytochrome c and ultimately damaging cellular DNA and apoptosis (5). Apoptosis is a programmed cell death involving several physiological and pathological events (6). Various studies have shown that exercise can increase antioxidant capacity and decrease oxidative stress (7) glutathione (GSH) and a set of functional enzymes that play a key role in cell defense against reactive free radicals and other ROSs (8).…”