Background: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the sensation of stiffness and pain in the muscles that occurs 24-48 hours after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effect of vibration training (VT) on Delayed onset muscle soreness. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy non-athletic volunteers (Female, age 20-30 years, body mass 23.27 ± 0.82 kg) were randomly assigned to VT (n = 10) and non-VT (n = 10) groups. A vibrator was used to apply 50-30 Hz of vibration on the left quadriceps and calf muscles in the VT group, while no vibration was applied for the non-VT group. Then, both groups ran downhill on a -5° treadmill at a speed of 5-7.5 km/hour (increasing speed). Twenty-four-hours before and after the vibration training, serum creatine kinase levels, pressure pain threshold and the rate of edema were measured. Results: Compared with the non VT group, the VT group showed a significant decrease in pressure pain threshold at 15 cm of patellar point (P = 0.042) and calf muscle (P = 0.041), there were no significant differences between groups in the pressure pain threshold at 5 cm (P = 0.509) and 10 cm (P = 0.152) points. There was no significant change in the edema rate at the Gastrocnemius muscle (P = 0.420) and midpoint of quadriceps muscle (P = 0.380) in VT and non-VT groups. Despite the increase in creatine kinase enzymes in the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.173). Conclusions:The results showed that using the vibration training can affect delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) reduction between non-VT and VT groups. Further studies with larger samples are needed to determine the vibration training positive and negative effects.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women throughout the world and the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths in women Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of training on IL-6, TNF-α and hCRP in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Background: Physiological stress due to physical activity associated with mental stress can affect the responses of the sympathoadrenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise with mental stress on cortisol and alpha-amylase changes in young men. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 20 inactive healthy men were randomly selected and divided into two groups of exercise and exercise with mental stress. The exercise group pedaled on a fixed bike at an intensity of 60% of maximal aerobic power for 37 minutes and the exercise group with mental stress received 20 minutes of mental stress (from 12th minutes to 32nd minutes) during the 37 minutes of pedaling. Salivary samples were collected before and immediately after the end of the exercise. Results: The exercise had a significant effect on increasing salivary cortisol (P = 0.007) and alpha-amylase (P = 0.01). Exercise with mental stress had a significant effect on salivary cortisol (P = 0.004) and alpha-amylase (P = 0.04). The exercise and exercise with mental stress had the same effects on increasing salivary cortisol (P = 0.42) and alpha-amylase (P = 0.83). Conclusions: It seems that exercise and exercise with mental stress have the same effects on increasing salivary cortisol and alphaamylase levels.

Background:The aim was to evaluate effects of 5-week whole body vibration (WBV) training with different amplitudes and progressive frequencies on fibrinolytic/coagulative factors.Materials and Methods:25 subjects were divided randomly in high or low-amplitude vibration, and control groups. Training consisted of 5-week WBV with amplitudes 4 or 2 mm. Plasma samples were analyzed before and after training. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed ranked test. P <0.05 was considered significant.Results:High-amplitude vibration caused an increase in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (P = 0.028) (pretest: 1744.61 ± 707.95; posttest: 2313.63 ± 997.19 pg/ml), and decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (P = 0.033) (pretest: 97.94 ± 34.37; posttest: 85.12 ± 36.92 ng/ml). Fibrinogen and plasminogen were not changed significantly. Low-amplitude vibration caused an increase in tPA (P = 0.006) (pretest: 2208.18 ± 1280.37; posttest: 3492.72 ± 3549.22 pg/ml). PAI-1, fibrinogen and plasminogen were not changed significantly. There were no significant differences between groups.Conclusion:Amplitude of vibrations in WBV training may affect fibrinolytic factors.