Effect of Tannin on <i>In Vitro</i> Dry Matter and Protein Disappearance in Sorghum Grain<sup>1</sup>

Schaffert, R. E.; Lechtenberg, V. L.; Oswalt, D L; Axtell, John D.; Pickett, R. C.; Rhykerd, C. L.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183x001400050009x

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Digestion of barley and wheat is more rapid than that of corn or sorghum because of the natural abundance of proteins of low digestibility (eg prolamins) in the vitreous (horny) endosperm of the latter 28. In addition, the presence of polyphenols in some cereals, including sorghum, is believed to contribute to the higher resistance of those grains to ruminal hydrolysis 29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

et al. 2005

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The inefficiency of starch utilisation by ruminants fed readily fermentable cereal grains, such as barley, decreases the metabolic potential of such feeds and can cause serious dysfunctions related to acidosis or pre-acidosis status in animals with higher energy requirements. The rate and extent of ruminal disappearance of grain dry matter (DM) are determined largely by the morphological features of the seed endosperm, but the presence of polyphenols may also constitute a limiting factor in ruminal hydrolysis. To assess the impact of tannins on the rate and extent of ruminal fermentation of barley grain, commercial grade tannic acid (TA) was included at 0, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% (wt/wt, DM basis) with ground barley grain in incubation in situ, and disappearance of DM and crude protein were monitored over 48 h. A dose-dependent effect of TA on in situ degradation of barley meal was observed; significance was attained (p < 0.05) at the 5% treatment level. Scanning electron microscopy revealed limited microbial hydrolysis of endosperm cell walls in TA-treated samples, although TA did not prevent microbial attachment to or hydrolysis of starch granules. Tannins may be effective for slowing ruminal disappearance of barley to improve starch utilisation by ruminants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

et al. 2005

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“…The antinutritional properties of tannins are well documented from numerous in vitro (Schaffert et al 1974;Ramachandra et al 1977;Chibber et al 1980;Horigome et al 1988;Garrido et al 1989), and in vivo (Cousins et al 1981;Horigome et al 1988;Ahmed et al 199 1) studies, which showed reduced digestibility of protein in diets containing tannins. Many experiments have shown that tannins in the diet result in reduced weight gain and poor feed efficiencies in chicks (Armstrong et al 1974;Ahmed et al 1991), rats (Featherston & Rogler, 1975;Elkin et al 1990;Mole et al 1990) and pigs (Pathak & Ranjahan, 1973;Cousins et al 1981;Mitaru et al 1984).…”

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confidence: 98%

A comparison of effects of body weight and feed intake on digestion in broiler cockerels with effects of tannins

Mahmood¹,

Smithard²

1993

Br J Nutr

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The effects of body size and feed intake on N digestibility, pancreas and Liver weight, and digestive enzyme activities in male broiler chicks were compared with those induced by dietary tannins. Four groups (SSM, ad lib., pair-fed and young) of sixteen birds each (2 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. They were fed on experimental diets for 4 weeks, except the young group which were fed from age 15 d to 24 d only. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with (SSM) or without salseed (Shorea robusta) meal (CONTROL) were used. SSM diet was fed ad lib. to SSM group and control diet was fed ad lib. to ad fib. and young birds and to pair-fed birds at same intake level as SSM birds. Birds fed ad lib. utilized their diet more efficiently than the SSM and pair-fed birds. Digestibility of N, both apparent and ileal, was substantially lower with SSM diet than with the control diet. Each of the treatments induced enlargement of the pancreas (g pancreas/kg Live weight) when compared with ad lib. birds. There was no difference between the relative liver weights of SSM and ad lib. birds; however, pair-fed and young birds had comparatively bigger Livers. In pair-fed birds the trypsinogen activity of pancreatic tissue (U/g pancreatic tissue) was significantly depressed but there was a significant elevation in trypsinogen (U/kg live weight) activity in SSM birds; again pair-fed birds exhibited the lowest value for this variable. Compared with control birds all the other treatments resulted in significant depression of a-amylase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 ) activity in pancreatic tissue (U/g) and jejunal digesta (U/g), but because of pancreatic enlargement a-amylase activity per kg live weight was significantly lower only in SSM birds. The activity of trypsin (EC 3.4.21 .4) in jejunal digesta was very low in SSM birds, but it was slightly higher in the young birds. Dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11) and disaccharidases in duodenal and jejunal mucosa were markedly depressed by the diet containing salseed meal, with the exception of maltase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 .20) which was unaffected in jejunal mucosa. Enterokinase (EC 3.4.21.9) activity was not inhibited by the presence of tannins in the diet, rather it increased in the duodenal mucosa of SSM birds.

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“…It may also affect digestibility values (Harris, 1971) and decrease protein utilization, due to reduced amino acid availability (Schaffert, Lechtenberg, Oswalt, Axtell, Pichett and Rhykerd, 1974). In the present trial, palatability was not adversely affected to the extent that it prevented consumption of the full allowances offered according to the restricted feeding scale.…”

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confidence: 55%

A note on the use of sorghum as a substitute for maize in a diet for growing pigs

Serra¹,

Olivetra²,

Fernandes³

1982

Anim. Sci.

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An experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of using sorghum as a substitute for maize on digestibility and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Two levels of sorghum, 200 and 400 g/kg, substituting for maize on a weight basis, were used. The chemical composition of control and test diets was similar. In the metabolism trial, digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude fibre, nitrogen and gross energy were significantly lower for the animals given the higher level of sorghum. In the feeding trial, no significant differences were recorded between the three groups in relation to food conversion ratio, daily live-weight gain, killing-out proportion and carcass quality. It is concluded that yellow sorghum may replace up to 400 g of maize per kg in diets for growing pigs without having detrimental effects on animal performance.

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Effect of Tannin on In Vitro Dry Matter and Protein Disappearance in Sorghum Grain¹

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

A comparison of effects of body weight and feed intake on digestion in broiler cockerels with effects of tannins

A note on the use of sorghum as a substitute for maize in a diet for growing pigs

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Effect of Tannin on In Vitro Dry Matter and Protein Disappearance in Sorghum Grain1

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation

A comparison of effects of body weight and feed intake on digestion in broiler cockerels with effects of tannins

A note on the use of sorghum as a substitute for maize in a diet for growing pigs

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Effect of Tannin on In Vitro Dry Matter and Protein Disappearance in Sorghum Grain¹