Effect of Targeted Behavioral Science Messages on COVID-19 Vaccination Registration Among Employees of a Large Health System

Santos, Henri C.; Goren, Amir; Chabris, Christopher F.; Meyer, Michelle N.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18702

Cited by 40 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A field experiment (pre-print) found that a booking reminder emphasising vaccine effectiveness was more effective than one emphasising social benefits and others having had the vaccine [ 17 ]. Another field RCT found that an email comparing the risks of the COVID-19 vaccine to the more severe risks of the virus increased uptake [ 23 ]. However, this intervention had a similar impact on uptake as an email focusing on social norms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A field experiment (pre-print) found that a booking reminder emphasising to ‘join the 3.5 million vaccinated citizens’ increased vaccine uptake, but to a lesser extent than one emphasising the personal benefit of getting vaccinated [ 17 ]. Another field RCT with unvaccinated health care workers found that sending an email telling them that more than 11 million Americans, including many of their colleagues, had been vaccinated increased uptake [ 23 ]. However, this effect was similar to the effect of an email comparing the risks of the vaccine to the more severe risks of COVID-19.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Batteux

Mills²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Vaccination is vital to protect the public against COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We searched a range of databases (Embase, Medline, Psychology & Behavioral Science, PsycInfo, Web of Science and NIH Preprints Portfolio) from March 2020 to July 2021 for studies which reported primary quantitative or qualitative research on interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Outcome measures included vaccination uptake and reported intention to vaccinate. Reviews, position papers, conference abstracts, protocol papers and papers not in English were excluded. The NHLBI quality assessment was used to assess risk of bias. In total, 39 studies across 33 papers met the inclusion criteria. A total of 28 were assessed as good quality. They included interventions relating to communication content, communication delivery, communication presentation, policy or vaccination delivery, with 7 measuring vaccination uptake and 32 measuring vaccination intention. A narrative synthesis was conducted, which highlighted that there is reasonable evidence from studies investigating real behaviour suggesting that personalising communications and sending booking reminders via text message increases vaccine uptake. Findings on vaccination intention are mixed but suggest that communicating uncertainty about the vaccine does not decrease intention, whereas making vaccination mandatory could have a negative impact. Although much of the research used experimental designs, very few measured real behavioural outcomes. Understanding which interventions are most effective amongst vaccine-hesitant populations and in the context of booster vaccinations will be important as vaccine roll outs continue across the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Batteux

Mills²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hispanics unvaccinated for COVID-19 are non-homogenous and exist on a continuum that includes those that are hesitant (e.g., "wait and see") or facing logistical barriers (e.g., time off work, transportation) to those that whose views are entrenched and may require substantial education, or employment requirements, to change their behavior. There are broad tools like mandates to get vaccinated as a requirement for employment, education, or travel and more subtle nudges employed by behavioral economists [28][29][30]. While recognizing that the relationship between attitudes and behaviors is complex [31], utilization of positive, targeted [32], and culturally responsive messaging on COVID-19 vaccines and using vaccinated Hispanic health-care workers as vaccine ambassadors targeting the themes identified here should be evaluated in controlled research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

Piper

Sanchez

Madera

et al. 2022

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the USA with increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Methods Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% ( N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. Results Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns, while almost one-third (30.5%) cited a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to “The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut corners” was rated the highest (63.22) which was significantly ( p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., “The COVID-19 vaccine does not work”). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 ± 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 ± 4.2, p ≤ .001) to “If I’ve already had COVID-19, I don’t need the vaccine.” Conclusions This study identified the heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01245-2.

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“…time off work, transportation) to those that whose views are entrenched and may require substantial education, or employment requirements, to change their behavior. There are broad tools like mandates to get vaccinated as a requirement for employment, education, or travel, and more subtle nudges employed by behavioral economists [28][29][30] . While recognizing that the relationship between attitudes and behaviors is complex, 31 utilization of positive, targeted 32 , and culturally responsive messaging on COVID-19 vaccines and using vaccinated Hispanic health-care workers as vaccine ambassadors targeting the themes identified here should be evaluated in controlled research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

Piper

Sanchez

Madera

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the US with increased rates of SARS-Cov2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Methods: Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% (N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. Results: Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns while almost one-third (30.5%) a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to statement: The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut-corners, was rated highest (63.22) which was significantly (p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., The COVID-19 vaccine does not work). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 + 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 + 4.2, p < .001) to the statement: If I have already had COVID-19, I do not need the vaccine. Conclusions: This study identified heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions.

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Effect of Targeted Behavioral Science Messages on COVID-19 Vaccination Registration Among Employees of a Large Health System

Abstract: Dr Santos had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Chabris and Meyer contributed equally.

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

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