Effect of Taurine Supplementation on the Lipid Peroxide Formation and the Activities of Glutathione-Related Enzymes in the Liver and Islet of Type I and II Diabetic Model Mice

Lim, Eunyoung; Park, Sungyoun; Kim, Harriet

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_13

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has been shown that taurine lowers blood glucose concentrations in animals with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus [15]. However, 5% taurine in the diet had been found ineffective in altering fasting blood glucose concentrations of either control or diabetic mice [22], whereas in diabetic rats, taurine caused no discernible effects [15]. Taurine reduced insulin secretion by adult beta cells in vitro and supplemental taurine has been shown to enhance periph-eral insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in animals [15,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine supplementation to a low protein diet during foetal and early postnatal life restores a normal proliferation and apoptosis of rat pancreatic islets

et al. 2002

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Aims/hypothesis. In our previous studies a low protein diet (8% vs 20%) given during foetal and early postnatal life induced abnormal development of the endocrine pancreas; beta-cell mass and islet-cell proliferation were reduced while apoptosis was increased. Taurine, an important amino acid for development was also reduced in maternal and foetal plasma of protein deficient animals. In this study we aim to evaluate the role of taurine in the alterations observed in rats after a low protein diet. Methods. Four groups of rats were given either a control, a low protein, or control and low protein diets with 2.5% taurine in the drinking water. Diets were given to gestating and lactating mothers and to their pups until day 30. Beta and endocrine cell masses were analysed as well as DNA synthesis and apoptosis after taurine supplementation in foetuses and pups.We also investigated insulin like growth factor-II (IGF-II), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and Fas by immunohistochemistry. Results. In foetuses and neonates nourished with a low protein diet, taurine supplementation restored normal DNA synthesis and apoptosis. This led to adequate beta and endocrine cell mass in pups. In islet cells, immunoreactivity was increased for IGF-II, reduced for Fas and unchanged for iNOS after taurine supplementation. Conclusion/interpretation. Taurine supplementation to a low protein diet in foetal and early postnatal life prevents the abnormal development of the endocrine pancreas. The mechanisms by which taurine acts on DNA synthesis and apoptosis rate of endocrine cells involve IGF-II, Fas regulation but not iNOS. [Diabetologia (2002) 45:856-866] Keywords Rats, development, low protein diet, taurine, pancreatic islets, BrdU, TUNEL, IGF-II, Fas. . Poor nutrition in foetal and early life was reported to be detrimental to the development of the beta cell, and therefore could cause Type II diabetes [2,3]. We have described previously a model of protein deprivation where pregnant rats were fed either a control diet (C) containing 20% protein or an isocalorific low protein diet (LP) containing 8% protein throughout gestation. The mean body weight of LP pups was reduced at birth, and the structure and function of the foetal endocrine pancreas were altered [2,4]. The mean islet size was reduced after a low protein diet in association with a reduced rate of islet-cell proliferation, and a higher rate of apoptosis [2,5]. The islet expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), which protect against apoptosis while also Clinical epidemiological studies and animal studies, suggest that malnutrition in utero, even over a brief period, could cause irreversible changes in the offspring which could lead to Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine supplementation to a low protein diet during foetal and early postnatal life restores a normal proliferation and apoptosis of rat pancreatic islets

et al. 2002

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“…Our previous study suggests that the antioxidant effects of dl-a-lipoic acid in the retina of streptozotocin-diabetic rats are caused by free radical scavenging and metal chelating proper- ties rather than to changes in GSH and GSSG concentrations and the glutathione redox state [34]. The mechanism(s) of antioxidant activity of taurine is poorly understood although the ability of taurine to decrease diabetes-induced lipid peroxidation has been shown in several studies [40,69,70]. It has been reported [71,72] that taurine decreases luminol-dependent chemiluminescence elicited by chemically generated hydroxyl radicals and t-butyl hydroperoxide whereas others [73] indicate that hypotaurine, a taurine precursor, rather than taurine itself, has antioxidative properties against ROS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

et al. 2001

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Aims/hypothesis. A strong positive correlation has been found between lipid peroxidation product and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. To establish a causal relation between diabetes-associated enhanced oxidative stress and vascular endothelial growth factor production, we evaluated two antioxidants, dl-a-lipoic acid and taurine, on retinal vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA expression and on parameters of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Methods. Our experiments were on control rats and streptozotocin-diabetic rats with a 6-week duration of diabetes, treated with or without dl-a-lipoic acid (100 mg´kg ±1´d±1 , i. p.) or taurine (1 % in the diet) starting from induction of diabetes. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein in retinal homogenates was assessed by sandwich ELISA with an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA by ribonuclease protection assay. Retinal lipid peroxidation products i. e. malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals were quantified with n-methyl-2-phenylindole. Retinal reduced and oxidized glutathione, ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, and sorbitol pathway intermediates were measured spectrofluorometrically, and taurine by reverse-phase HPLC.Results. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein concentration (means SD) was increased in diabetic rats compared with control rats (33 7 vs 19 5 pg/mg total protein, p < 0.01) This increase was attenuated by taurine (26 8, p < 0.05) and prevented by dla-lipoic acid (21 4, p < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA abundance was reduced by 1.4-fold in diabetic rats compared with control rats and this decrease was attenuated but not completely prevented by both antioxidants. Malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenal concentration was increased in diabetic rats compared with control rats, and both antioxidants arrested accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Taurine, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, ascorbate, dehydroascorbate and sorbitol pathway intermediate concentrations as well as oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione and dehydroascorbate/ascorbate ratios were similar in control and diabetic rats treated with or without taurine. Conclusion/interpretation. Oxidative stress is directly involved in up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in the retina during early diabetes. [Diabetologia (2001

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“…The anti-oxidant properties of taurine have been demonstrated previously because it has been shown to have a strong ability to decrease diabetesinduced lipid peroxidation in the kidney, 37 lens, 38 retina, 39 liver and pancreas. 40 Moreover, taurine stabilizes cell membranes, regulates osmotic pressure in the cell, maintains homeostasis of intracellular ions, inhibits phosphorylation of membrane proteins and prevents lipid peroxidation. 40 Taurine is also an intra-and extracellular calcium regulator.…”

Section: Stated Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Moreover, taurine stabilizes cell membranes, regulates osmotic pressure in the cell, maintains homeostasis of intracellular ions, inhibits phosphorylation of membrane proteins and prevents lipid peroxidation. 40 Taurine is also an intra-and extracellular calcium regulator. 41 The evidence obtained from the present study indicates that pretreatment with taurine ameliorates CP-induced cystitis because it leads to a reduction in the macroscopic changes induced by CP, such as haemorrhage and oedema, as well as a profound improvement in the histological structure and shape.…”

Section: Stated Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of taurine against cyclophosphamide‐induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats

Abd-Allah¹,

Gado

Al-Majed

et al. 2005

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. In the present study, the effect of taurine, on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urinary bladder toxicity was investigated. 2. Administration of a single dose of CP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) induced cystitis, as manifested by marked congestion, oedema and extravasation in rat urinary bladder, as well as a marked desquamative damage to the urothium, severe inflammation in the lamina propria, focal erosions and polymorphonuclear leucocytes associated with occasional lymphocyte infiltration as determined by macroscopic and histopathological examination. 3. A significant decrease in the endogenous anti-oxidant compound glutathione and elevation of lipid peroxidation also resulted in rat urinary bladder tissue. 4. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis markedly affected the contractile function of the urinary bladder, as revealed by a significant inhibition of tissue responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) at different molar concentrations in vitro. 5. Conversely, pretreatment with taurine (1% in drinking water to reach a dose of 1 g/kg per day) for 7 days before and 1 day after CP injection produced a significant decrease in urinary bladder weight (oedema) and a marked decrease in vascular congestion and haemorrhage, as well as a profound improvement in histological structure. Moreover, taurine pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxide in urinary bladder tissue and glutathione content was greatly restored. 6. Urinary bladder rings isolated from rats treated concurrently with taurine and CP showed a significant increase in their responsiveness to ACh compared with the CP group. 7. These results suggest that taurine offers a protective effect against CP-induced urinary bladder toxicity and may, therefore, decrease the limitation on its clinical application. These results merit extension and further investigation of the impact of taurine on CP antitumour activity.

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Effect of Taurine Supplementation on the Lipid Peroxide Formation and the Activities of Glutathione-Related Enzymes in the Liver and Islet of Type I and II Diabetic Model Mice

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Taurine supplementation to a low protein diet during foetal and early postnatal life restores a normal proliferation and apoptosis of rat pancreatic islets

Taurine supplementation to a low protein diet during foetal and early postnatal life restores a normal proliferation and apoptosis of rat pancreatic islets

Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Protective effect of taurine against cyclophosphamide‐induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats

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