The paper presents studies aimed at analyzing the influence of the change in feed rate and the cutting speed of the longitudinal turning process on the parameters of roughness, roundness and cylindricity of the machined surface. For selected surfaces, a comprehensive 3D surface topography study was carried out Form Talysurf 1200 PGI contact profilometer by Taylor Hobson. Five different materials were used for the studies: general purpose carbon steel C45, alloy steel S355, cold working tool steel NC6, brass MO58 and aluminum alloy AW-2017A. In addition, Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were calculated in order to quantify the relationship between the analyzed parameters. Based on the results obtained, the analysis of technological heredity of the longitudinal turning process was carried out. It has shown that the technological parameters of the longitudinal turning process have a significant influence on the roughness parameters of the machined surface.