Effect of temperature and biomass-water ratio to yield and product characteristics of hydrothermal treatment of biomass

Oktaviananda, Cyrilla; Rahmawati, Ria F.; Prasetya, Agus; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Yuliansyah, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti

doi:10.1063/1.4978102

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…68.10% was observed at 35 times water and 7 h time. These results are well supported by Oktaviananda et al . for HTC of sawdust at different reaction conditions by varying the temperature and biomass–water ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres from rubber wood by hydrothermal carbonization

Khan

Kim

Gupta

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Carbon is the raw material for many commercial products; conventionally their production is from non‐renewable sources such as petroleum coke, pitch and coal. Recently carbon has been obtained from bioresources because of their renewability and high lignocellulosic content. This article details the synthesis of carbon microspheres from rubber wood, which is one of the largest commodity plants, via hydrothermal carbonization (hydrothermal rubber wood carbon; HTRW carbon) and evaluation of their characteristics. RESULTS Two sets of carbon were synthesized: (i) in the first set, excess of water (20–40 × weight of biomass) was used in the hydrothermal process at 180–260 °C for 3–9 h; and (ii) in the second set, water ratio was 25–35 × weight of biomass and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reaction temperature was fixed at 260 °C. The H/C and O/C ratios of starting rubber wood were ∼1.78 and ∼0.85, respectively, which upon processing through the first strategy resulted in H/C ∼0.78 and O/C ∼0.29; thereby suggesting increased condensation under HTC. On the other hand, the carbonization process was accelerated by water when the temperature was maintained at 260 °C; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies show that this carbon has a different chemical structure from the starting rubber wood. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that HTRW carbon was in the form of microspheres (size ∼1.5–5 µm). CONCLUSION HTRW carbon with carbon content as high as 68% was developed from rubber wood biomass by hydrothermal processing of a mixture containing 35 times more water than the solid raw biomass at a temperature of 260 °C for 7 h. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres from rubber wood by hydrothermal carbonization

Khan

Kim

Gupta

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Regarding the pressure of the process, after making sure that it is above the saturation pressure, no significant effect is witnessed by increasing it. Likewise, the variation of the water to biomass ratio will not affect the products considerably after submerging the whole sample in water [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar

et al. 2018

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a useful method to convert wet biomass to value-added products. Fruit waste generated in juice industries is a huge source of moist feedstock for such conversion to produce hydrochar. This paper deals with four types of fruit wastes as feedstocks for HTC; namely, rotten apple (RA), apple chip pomace (ACP), apple juice pomace (AJP), and grape pomace (GP). The operating conditions for HTC processing were 190 °C, 225 °C, and 260 °C for 15 min. For all samples, higher heating value and fixed carbon increased, while volatile matter and oxygen content decreased after HTC. Except for ACP, the ash content of all samples increased after 225 °C. For RA, AJP, and GP, the possible explanation for increased ash content above 225 °C is that the hydrochar increases in porosity after 230 °C. It was observed that an increase in HTC temperature resulted in an increase in the mass yield for RA and GP, which is in contrast with increasing HTC temperature for lignocellulose biomass. Other characterization tests like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that the HTC process can be successfully used to convert fruit wastes into valuable products.

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“…The great interest in this hydrothermal technology for the biochar production is that it can avoid the preliminary energy-intensive drying process that is usually required for the conventional pyrolysis, and thus it will minimize the operational costs. Besides, Oktaviananda et al [59] agreed that such process is convenient for the biomass having >50 wt. % moisture content.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation

Rashidi¹,

Yusup²

2020

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety

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The abundance of biomass in Malaysia creates an avenue for growth of bio-economic sector through the research and development (R&D) activities on the biochar production. Biochar that is described as a carbonaceous material derived from the thermochemical process at temperature of usually lower than 700°C is promising due to its applicability in wider range of applications, such as in soil amendment (fertilizer) and as a low-cost adsorbent for the pollution remediation, apart from minimizing the solid waste disposal problems. Therefore, this chapter discusses the current trends on various production techniques of biochar from both the lignocellulosic (plantation based waste materials) and non-lignocellulosic sources, as well as the physiochemical characteristics of the resulting biochar. In addition, overview of the biochar industry in Malaysia is presented in this chapter. Lastly, recap of standardization and legislation particularly related to the biochar utilization as a soil amendment agent is included to grasp readers' attention prior to the large scale applications.

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Effect of temperature and biomass-water ratio to yield and product characteristics of hydrothermal treatment of biomass

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres from rubber wood by hydrothermal carbonization

Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres from rubber wood by hydrothermal carbonization

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar

A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation

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