Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Seasonal Phenology of<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Wisconsin

Guédot, Christelle; Avanesyan, Alina; Hietala-Henschell, Katie

doi:10.1093/ee/nvy159

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Current methods for differentiating winter and summer morphs have focused primarily on melanization changes that occur during autumn at northern latitudes or temperate regions [41,44]. When rearing different morphs in the lab, Shearer et al [25] noted that winter morph males and females had a continuous dark pigmentation on the third and fourth abdominal segment, respectively, that was completely filled.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A quantitative method to differentiate winter and summer morphs is needed. Relying solely on color is difficult because D. suzukii is usually collected using trapping systems where specimens drown in a liquid solution and may remain in the trap under a variety of environmental conditions prior to collection and transport to the lab [12,21,44]. Thus, the trapping system and delays in collection and processing can damage the adults making color identification Differentiating Drosophila suzukii seasonal morphs PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228780 February 6, 2020 2 / 17…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given these results, and in most temperate regions of the U.S., it is generally assumed that D. suzukii overwinters as an adult winter morph [41][42][43]. There is a paucity of research investigating the phenology or abundance of winter morphs in the field, particularly in the extreme northern range of the distribution, perhaps due to the difficulty of differentiating winter and summer morphs.Current methods for differentiating winter and summer morphs have focused primarily on melanization changes that occur during autumn at northern latitudes or temperate regions [41,44]. When rearing different morphs in the lab, Shearer et al [25] noted that winter morph males and females had a continuous dark pigmentation on the third and fourth abdominal segment, respectively, that was completely filled.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When rearing different morphs in the lab, Shearer et al [25] noted that winter morph males and females had a continuous dark pigmentation on the third and fourth abdominal segment, respectively, that was completely filled. This method has been utilized to determine the seasonal phenology of winter morphs caught in the field [27,33,44]. However, there were some challenges to using color as this was the only metric for identifying winter and summer morphs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Panel et al [33] also had difficulty assigning individuals as winter or summer, and created an intermediate category.A quantitative method to differentiate winter and summer morphs is needed. Relying solely on color is difficult because D. suzukii is usually collected using trapping systems where specimens drown in a liquid solution and may remain in the trap under a variety of environmental conditions prior to collection and transport to the lab [12,21,44]. Thus, the trapping system and delays in collection and processing can damage the adults making color identification Differentiating Drosophila suzukii seasonal morphs PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228780 February 6, 2020 2 / 17Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.� Lowercase: Comparison of laboratory-reared winter and summer morphs within sex.�� Uppercase: Comparison of female and male laboratory-reared and field-collected D. suzukii.Means followed by different letters represent significant differences, based on Student's t-test (P <0.001).…”

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Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

2020

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Temperate insect species often enter diapause in preparation for overwintering. One such species is the invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), which has seasonal polymorphisms, considered winter and summer morphs. To date, the morphs have been differentiated by color and size with winter morphs typically being darker and larger compared to summer morphs. 'Dark' and 'large' are subjective, however, and standardizing an identification process can ensure that the morph of interest is being accurately characterized. The goal of our research was to investigate a quantitative method to distinguish between D. suzukii morphs based on body and wing size. We reared winter and summer morph D. suzukii in the laboratory using standard procedures, and measured wing length, wing width, and hind tibia length. Additionally, we collected field D. suzukii to document the seasonal phenology of the morphs in Minnesota based on our model's cutoff criteria. A classification and regression tree analysis were used to determine which metrics would be best for predicting field-caught D. suzukii morphs. Using laboratory-reared flies as our known morphs for the training data in the classification model we developed classification trees based on wing length and the ratio of wing length to hind tibia length. The frequency of winter and summer morphs present in the field varied based on which classification tree was used. Nevertheless, we suggest ratio of wing length to hind tibia length as the most robust criteria for differentiating D. suzukii morphs because the ratio accounts for the size variability between laboratory-reared and field-caught flies and the error rate of misclassification is reduced to 0.01 for males. The results from this work can aid in future D. suzukii research by allowing scientists to objectively differentiate the morphs, and thereby improve our understanding of the biology and phenology of seasonal morph dynamics. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Tran AK, Hutchison WD, Asplen MK (2020) Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228780. ) through the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resource Trust Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. in cooler temperatures by entering a diapause state [1]. Within the diapause state, reduced metabolism and biochemical alterations affect the insect's biology, behavior, and morphogenesis [1].One such diapausing species that exhibits this phenomenon is the vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), commonly known as spotted-wing drosophila. Native to east and southeast Asia, D. suzukii is an important economic pest of soft-skinned fruits (e.g., strawberries, raspberries, blueberries) and stone fruits (e.g. cherries, peach) [2][3][4][5][6]. Drosophila suzukii invaded the continental United States in 2008 and rapidly spread throughout the country [7], and has quickly become a global pest [2,8]. Given its recent global s...

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

2020

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Seasonal polyphenism of spotted‐wing Drosophila is affected by variation in local abiotic conditions within its invaded range, likely influencing survival and regional population dynamics

Stockton

Wallingford

Brind'amore

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Overwintering Drosophila often display adaptive phenotypic differences beneficial for survival at low temperatures. However, it is unclear which morphological traits are the best estimators of abiotic conditions, how those traits are correlated with functional outcomes in cold tolerance, and whether there are regional differences in trait expression. We used a combination of controlled laboratory assays, and collaborative field collections of invasive Drosophila suzukii in different areas of the United States, to study the factors affecting phenotype variability of this temperate fruit pest now found globally. Laboratory studies demonstrated that winter morph (WM) trait expression is continuous within the developmental temperature niche of this species (10–25°C) and that wing length and abdominal melanization are the best predictors of the larval abiotic environment. However, the duration and timing of cold exposure also produced significant variation in development time, morphology, and survival at cold temperatures. During a stress test assay conducted at −5°C, although cold tolerance was greater among WM flies, long‐term exposure to cold temperatures as adults significantly improved summer morph (SM) survival, indicating that these traits are not controlled by a single mechanism. Among wild D. suzukii populations, we found that regional variation in abiotic conditions differentially affects the expression of morphological traits, although further research is needed to determine whether these differences are genetic or environmental in origin and whether thermal susceptibility thresholds differ among populations within its invaded range.

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Global analysis of the seasonal abundance of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii reveal temperature extremes determine population activity potential

Ørsted

Lye²,

Umina

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The global pest spotted winged drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) continues to have a significant economic impact on fruit production in areas where it is established, in addition to newly invaded ranges. Management activities spanning national biosecurity responses to farm‐scale pest control are limited by the inability to predict the timing and severity of seasonal outbreaks of D. suzukii and its climatic drivers. RESULTS Here, we compiled and analysed data on international seasonal abundances for D. suzukii under different climates, crop types and management contexts to improve the predictability of seasonal population dynamics. In relating seasonal abundances to environmental predictors, specifically temperature, we found strong negative effects of exposure to high and low temperatures during the preceding month. Unlike most regional studies on D. suzukii phenology that focus on temperature in the physiological development range, we show that thermal extremes better explain seasonal population fluctuations. CONCLUSION Although trap catches remain an indirect measure of infestations and must be interpreted carefully in terms of crop risk, our results should support monitoring programmes through enhanced knowledge of the climatic factors affecting D. suzukii population activity. The negative impact of high temperatures suggests that late‐season management strategies focusing on manipulating crop microclimates to temperatures above 25 °C can reduce D. suzukii abundance. We show that early season abundance is modulated by climate, particularly the depth of cold extremes experienced in the preceding time interval. These associations may be further developed into early‐season crop risk forecasts to support monitoring programs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Seasonal Phenology ofDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Wisconsin

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

Seasonal polyphenism of spotted‐wing Drosophila is affected by variation in local abiotic conditions within its invaded range, likely influencing survival and regional population dynamics

Global analysis of the seasonal abundance of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii reveal temperature extremes determine population activity potential

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