Effect of temperature management on the hydrolytic degradation of PET in a calcium oxide filled tube reactor

Grause, Guido; Handa, Tomohiko; Kameda, Tomohito; Mizoguchi, Tadaaki; Yoshioka, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.010

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…5. The yield of nC 7 compounds including benzene did not increase in the presence of CaO, since PET cannot be effectively hydrolyzed without steam [15,16,19]. While both the sole addition of either PET or CaO to 3P enhanced gasification, the combined presence of PET and CaO had a contradictive effect and decreased drastically the evolution of nC 2 -nC 4 compounds.…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Mixed Plastics In the Presence Of Ementioning

confidence: 77%

“…The quantity of solid products drastically decreased to 19.9 wt%, since sublimating substances were converted into benzene (nC 7 ). However, 19.9 wt% of the sublimating substances remained in the reactor due to the shorter reaction time and smaller quantity of CaO used in comparison to previous works [13,15].…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Individual Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The effect of calcium based catalysts (Ca-C), obtained by the calcination of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and phenol resin, on the degradation of PET and PVC-containing mixedplastics was also investigated by Bhaskar et al, [8,12] resulting in a maximum oil dechlorination of 99%, increased oil yield, and suppression of the formation of sublimating substances. We have reported that benzene was selectively produced during the steam pyrolysis of PET in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), producing a maximum benzene yield of 74% without producing any sublimating substances [13][14][15]. PET-containing mixed-plastics have also been decomposed in a fluidized bed reactor using CaO [16] and Ca(OH) 2 [16,17], producing 30-50 wt% of oil and no sublimating substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal decomposition of individual and mixed plastics in the presence of CaO or Ca(OH)2

Kumagai

Hasegawa

Grause

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Mixed Plastics In the Presence Of Ementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Individual Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal decomposition of individual and mixed plastics in the presence of CaO or Ca(OH)2

Kumagai

Hasegawa

Grause

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Among all different recycling techniques including chemical, mechanical, and thermal recycling, the most suitable method based on "Sustainable Development" is the chemical recycling, simply because it yields raw materials and other value‐added crops from polymer waste . The chemical degradation processes of PET waste are frequently demonstrated as follows: hydrolysis , glycolysis , methanolysis , aminolysis , ammonolysis , and other processes . Glycolysis and methanolysis are commercially used; however, the most interesting one is the glycolysis method that yields related monomers or raw materials that could be reused for plastics production or other advanced materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of phthalic/maleic anhydride-endcapped PET oligomers using response surface method

2013

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from off‐grades of industrial manufacturers was partially and thoroughly depolymerized in order to synthesize PET oligomers and bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), respectively. Design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied for optimization of samples. Effects of reaction time, volume of glycol, catalyst concentrations, and particle size of off‐grade PET were investigated. The optimal conditions to synthesize PET oligomers (3–8 repeating units) were glycol/PET molar ratio of 1, a weight ratio (catalyst to PET) of 0.5 wt%, using granule‐shape. On the other hand, a reaction time of 180 min, a weight ratio (catalyst to PET) of 0.25 wt%, and glycol/PET molar ratio of 5 were obtained as the suitable conditions of BHET production. Then, endcapped PET oligomers, as a compatibilizer for preparing PET nanocomposites, were produced via reaction between maleic anhydride/phthalic anhydride (MA/PhA) composition. The combination of reaction time of 106 min and PhA/MA molar ratio of 0.85 produced the best results based on d‐spacing and peak shift of nanocomposite samples. Moreover, the reaction of MA and BHET from glycolyzation of PET was successfully performed at 160°C and 190°C for 8 h. The optimum conditions were compared with a synthesized PET. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:417–429, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Maximum benzene yield of 74 % and purity of 97 wt% were obtained from PET resin by managing the temperatures of both hydrolysis c h a m b e r a n d C a O b e d ( F i g . 7, E n t r y 6) 110) . Furthermore, maximum benzene yield of 84 % and 99 wt% purity were achieved for the oil produced from TPA (Fig.…”

Section: Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

Kumagai

2016

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Plastics are essential materials for various products such as packaging and containers, electrical and electronic equipment, and automobiles. Japanese production of polymers was reported as 10.6 million t in 2014 1) , with the majority prepared from finite fossil resources. Currently, in excess of 150 and 200 different types of polymers and additives, respectively, are produced and distributed within Japan 2 ) . Metals and fillers are further mixed with these products to achieve the desired properties, giving innumerable combinations. Thus, no single recycling technique can treat all types of waste plastics. Consequently, waste plastics are commonly treated by mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling, and energy recovery, depending on the waste composition and the purpose of the recycled products.The Plastic Waste Management Institute reported that 9.3 million t of waste plastics were collected in 2014 in Japan 1 ) . The utilized rate (mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery) for collected waste plastics was 83 %, and is increasing yearly. Utilization can be broken down into 70 % energy recovery, 26 % mechanical recycling, and 4 % feedstock recycling. According to the Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-based Society, the order of priority of these techniques is as follows: mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery. Therefore, the ideal and actual situations show a wide gap.Feedstock recycling is a growing field in Japan, but is challenging due to the mismatch with current domestic recycling systems. However, advances in research and technical development show the potential to achieve an advanced recycling-based society. In Japan, monomerization, blast furnace reduction, coke oven chemical feedstock recycling, liquefaction, and gasification are categorized as feedstock recycling. In this paper, we focus on liquefaction and gasification, which are based on the pyrolysis technique.Pyrolysis converts polymeric materials into gases, liquids, and solids at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process cleaves various chemical bonds in polymers and additives by the action of only heat, which is advantageous for low-purity waste that cannot be treated by mechanical recycling. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) are the main polymeric materials produced worldwide, so have been widely studied. In addition, these materials are good quality carbon and hydrogen resources (PE and PP: 86 % C and 14 % H; PS: 92 % C and 8 % H). In contrast, the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Recycling of waste plastics is essential for reducing environmental degradation and ensuring future resource security. The quantity of domestic plastic waste recycled is increasing yearly, reaching 83 % in 2014. However, only 26 % and 4 % of the recycled waste plastic is treated by mechanical and feedstock recycling, respectively, whereas 70 % is treated by energy recovery (incineration). Therefore, the mechanical and feedstock recycling ra...

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Effect of temperature management on the hydrolytic degradation of PET in a calcium oxide filled tube reactor

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Thermal decomposition of individual and mixed plastics in the presence of CaO or Ca(OH)2

Thermal decomposition of individual and mixed plastics in the presence of CaO or Ca(OH)2

Optimization of phthalic/maleic anhydride-endcapped PET oligomers using response surface method

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

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