Effect of temperature on recruitment of cyanobacteria from the sediment and bloom formation in a shallow pond

Abstract

Abstract:The initial stage of bloom formation of cyanobacteria was investigated in Hirosawa-no-ike Pond, Kyoto, Japan, from February to May 2006. This pond is prone to periodic heavey blooms of cyanobacteria from spring to autumn, despite the complete draining of water for more than two months every winter. The dominant types of cyanobacteria in the bloom were Aphanizomenon flos-aquae from February to March, followed by Microcystis spp. in April. The planktonic populations of Microcystis spp. increased continuously during April when the water temperature was in the range of 12.0-17.3°C, which was almost below the growth threshold for most Microcystis species. An incubation experiment revealed that the recruitment of Microcystis colonies from the pond sediment increased with temperature, especially at and above 15°C. Recruitment of Anabaena trichomes was also observed, but there was no clear relationship between water temperature and trichome densities of Anabaena spp. The M. aeruginosa colonies in the sediment in winter were likely to be dormant, as implied by the invariable frequencies of the division of cells throughout a day. These results suggest that once water temperature exceeded the growth threshold of Microcystis species, the recruitment of the colonies is enhanced and a bloom is formed by both conspicuous recruitment and active growth.

The Presence of Toxic and Non-Toxic Cyanobacteria in the Sediments of the Limpopo River Basin: Implications for Human Health

“…A study by Davies et al [ 64 ] on four temperate lakes in the northwest of the USA showed that the increase in water temperature contributed to an increase in toxic Microcystis species (possessing the mcyD gene). Yamamoto [ 65 ] and Oberholster et al [ 66 ] have shown that the Microcystis species adopt survival strategies to mitigate harsh external environments such as reduced river flow, a major characteristic of the Limpopo River, by sinking into the sediments.…”

Contribution of bioturbation by the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii to the recruitment of bloom-forming cyanobacteria from sediment

“…Nearly all of the sediment is exposed to air from December to mid-February when the water is reintroduced for the new fish culture. In such a unique environment, dormant cyanobacterial colonies or resting spores are assumed to serve as inocula for the development of the bloom (Yamamoto 2009b).…”

Recruitment of cyanobacteria from the sediments in the eutrophic Shanzi Reservoir

“…[34] It also explained that Microcystis was the dominant species in the sediments in winter while in the water suspension in summer. [35] Note: The efficiency (between 90% and 110%) and slope (between −3.58 and −3.10) were satisfied for the quantification of targeting 16S and functional genes in environmental samples.…”

“…During the winter, when the temperature in the Shanzi Reservoir was estimated to be 10°C, Microcystis recruitment was inhibited in the water body [40] and Microcystis mainly existed in the sediment. [35] After carbohydrate accumulation in winter, Microcystis started effective photosynthesis in late spring when the temperature is above 10°C, further leading to their dominancy in water phase. [41][42][43] Compared with previous field simulation of sediment Microcystis recruitment in Dianchi Lake [44] and Hirosawa-no-ike Pond, [45] the strong positive relationship between monthly temperature change and the concentration of Microcystis in water sample has suggested that temperature is the key environmental factor affecting Microcystis recruitment at the water-sediment interface.…”