Effect of Temperature on the Contents of the Two Energy‐Reserve Substances, Paramylon and Wax Esters, in <i>Euglena gracilis</i><sup>1</sup>

Kawabata, Akiko; Miyatake, Kazutaka; Kitaoka, Shôzaburô

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb05425.x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…To eliminate the effect of light, a streptomycin-bleached mutant of E. gracilis strain Z (Oda et al, 1982) was used. As described in a previous paper (Kawabata et al, 1982), the cells were adapted to 33, 26, or 15 "C by successive cultivation at these temperatures. Cells were grown in 150 ml of Koren-Hutner medium (Koren & Hutner, 1967) in 500 ml flat-shouldered flasks on a shaker (120 strokes min-') in the dark at the above temperatures.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are sometimes called crystalloids (Marcenko, 1978), which are present as suspended solids in the cytosol, and apparently do not affect other pathways of metabolism. The wax ester is retained in cells with as little loss of carbon as possible, and when lower temperature conditions are restored the wax esters are rapidly converted back to paramylon (Kawabata et al, 1982). Euglena is very sensitive to temperature (Cook, 1968) so it has developed unique strategies to cope with adverse conditions.…”

Section: Temperature Eflects On Wax Esters Of Euglenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Kawabata¹,

Kaneyama²

1989

Microbiology

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~ ~A streptomycin-bleached mutant of Euglena gracilis strain Z, a non-photosynthetic mutant, was grown aerobically in the dark at 33, 26 and 15 "C respectively. The content of wax esters was greater at higher growth temperatures, whereas the content of paramylon was greater at lower temperatures. The highest temperature (33 "C) caused the greatest accumulation of wax esters. Wax esters synthesized at the highest temperature had carbon chain lengths of C24-32 and the predominant chain lengths were C27 and C28. The constituent fatty acids and alcohols ranged from C11 to C18 with myristic acid and myristyl alcohol being the main components. At the lowest temperature (1 5 "C) the mean chain length of wax esters decreased. The most abundant wax ester was C26, and the most abundant fatty acids and fatty alcohols of wax esters were C13.A considerable amount (44-48 % of the total) of odd-carbon-numbered wax esters were present. 0001-4910 0 1989 SGM

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Eflects On Wax Esters Of Euglenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Kawabata¹,

Kaneyama²

1989

Microbiology

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“…gracilis [ 12 ]. These esters are composed of medium chain fatty acids and fatty alcohol, which can be converted into biofuels [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglena gracilis growth and cell composition under different temperature, light and trophic conditions

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEuglena gracilis, a photosynthetic protist, produces protein, unsaturated fatty acids, wax esters, and a unique β-1,3-glucan called paramylon, along with other valuable compounds. The cell composition of E. gracilis was investigated in this study to understand how light and organic carbon (photo-, mixo- and heterotrophic conditions) affected growth and cell composition (especially lipids). Comparisons were primarily carried out in cultures grown at 23 °C, but the effect of growth at higher temperatures (27 or 30 °C) was also considered.Cell growthSpecific growth rates were slightly lower when E. gracilis was grown on glucose in either heterotrophic or mixotrophic conditions than when grown photoautotrophically, although the duration of exponential growth was longer. Temperature determined the rate of exponential growth in all cultures, but not the linear growth rate during light-limited growth in phototrophic conditions. Temperature had less effect on cell composition.Cell compositionAlthough E. gracilis was not expected to store large amounts of paramylon when grown phototrophically, we observed that phototrophic cells could contain up to 50% paramylon. These cells contained up to 33% protein and less than 20% lipophilic compounds, as expected. The biomass contained about 8% fatty acids (measured as fatty acid methyl esters), most of which were unsaturated. The fatty acid content of cells grown in mixotrophic conditions was similar to that observed in phototrophic cells, but was lower in cells grown heterotrophically. Heterotrophic cells contained less unsaturated fatty acids than phototrophic or mixotrophic cells. α-Linolenic acid was present at 5 to 18 mg g-1 dry biomass in cells grown in the presence of light, but at < 0.5 mg g-1 biomass in cells grown in the dark. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were detected at 1 to 5 mg g-1 biomass. Light was also important for the production of vitamin E and phytol.

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“…It is considered a potentially useful cultivated organism and source of biofuels, because it can synthesize distinct types of macromolecules in response to different cultivation conditions. [1][2][3] For example, a remarkable amount of protein and -1,3-glucans are produced by aerobically grown E. gracilis. 3) Under anaerobic conditions, wax esters (composed of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols) are actively synthesized by an unique metabolic process called wax ester fermentation.…”

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Comparative Profiling Analysis of Central Metabolites inEuglena gracilisunder Various Cultivation Conditions

Mizutani

Hayashi

Kondo

2011

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Comparative metabolic profiling analysis was performed to investigate light-and aeration-dependent regulation of central metabolism in Euglena gracilis. The metabolic profiles of E. gracilis were significantly altered in response to changes in aeration conditions. While many glycolytic intermediates and amino acids accumulated in aerobically grown E. gracilis, a significant reduction in these metabolites was observed for cells under anaerobic conditions, which resulted in elevated production of wax ester.

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Effect of Temperature on the Contents of the Two Energy‐Reserve Substances, Paramylon and Wax Esters, in Euglena gracilis¹

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Euglena gracilis growth and cell composition under different temperature, light and trophic conditions

Comparative Profiling Analysis of Central Metabolites inEuglena gracilisunder Various Cultivation Conditions

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Effect of Temperature on the Contents of the Two Energy‐Reserve Substances, Paramylon and Wax Esters, in Euglena gracilis1

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

The Effect of Growth Temperature on Wax Ester Content and Composition of Euglena gracilis

Euglena gracilis growth and cell composition under different temperature, light and trophic conditions

Comparative Profiling Analysis of Central Metabolites inEuglena gracilisunder Various Cultivation Conditions

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Effect of Temperature on the Contents of the Two Energy‐Reserve Substances, Paramylon and Wax Esters, in Euglena gracilis¹