Effect of the Addition of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell walls (YCWs) in diets with low doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), alone or in combination, on broiler performance and immune response. A total of 210 male broilers aged 1-21 days were used. Broilers were completely randomized into seven treatments with five replicates of six broilers each, as follows: 1) control diet; 2) control + 350 μg/kg AFB1; 3) Control + 350 μg/kg OTA; 4) Control + 350 μg/kg AFB1 and 350 μg/kg OTA; 5) Control + 350 μg/kg AFB1 and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 6) control + 350 μg/kg OTA and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 7) control + 350 μg/kg AFB1, 350 μg/kg OTA, and 1.5 kg/ton YCW. The broilers were housed under environmentally controlled conditions in Petersime battery cages. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion index were measured. The relative weights of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated. The local immune response was assessed by quantifying the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). The cellular immune response was evaluated using a delayed hypersensitivity test. Hemograms and blood cell counts were also performed. The results showed that mycotoxins decreased performance and reduced the immune response (p＜0.05) of broilers. Weight gain and feed conversion improved in the groups receiving YCWs. The YCWs increased (p＜0.05) intestinal IgAs and the cellular immune response (p＜0.05). The addition of YCWs also affected the relative weight of the thymus, spleen, and BF (p＜0.05), and the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and heterophil counts (p＜0.05). The addition of YCWs can be an alternative to counterage the negative effect of low doses of AFB1 and OTA in broilers diets.

Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B1 Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review

“…Thus, the histological changes might not have been sufficient to cause significant reductions in the relative weights of the immune organs. In general, the suppression of lymphoid organ growth induced by AFB 1 is related to reduced numbers of lymphocytes [72,73,74]. It has been reported [73,75] that the reduction in the relative weight of the bursa induced by AFB 1 can be attributed to the decreased diameter of the lymphoid follicles and the reduced number of lymphocytes.…”

Nanoparticles as a Solution for Eliminating the Risk of Mycotoxins

“…For this reason, the dietary content of micronutrients have to be increased by an average of 20% [ 18 , 19 ]. Besides, clay adsorbents could be used in yeast cell walls ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, the effectiveness of mycotoxin absorbents themselves ranges from 20% to 80%.…”

Impacts of Dietary Protein and Prebiotic Inclusion on Liver and Spleen Gene Expression in Hy-Line Brown Caged Layers

“…In aquaculture, for example, their role in reducing sea-louse parasitism to improving immunity has been investigated [18,20] In dogs, the inclusion of YCW helped improve gut health and generated positive immunomodulatory effects [31]. A study on broilers showed improved intestinal immunoglobulin A and immune responses in feeds with YCW inclusion [32]. These studies emphasize the significance and relevance of the assessments presented in this study.…”