Effect of the fire-retardant, melamine, on the combustion and the thermal decomposition of polyamide-6, polypropylene and low-density polyethylene

Shimasaki, Choichiro; Watanabe, Naohiro; Fukushima, Kazuhiko; Rengakuji, Seichi; Nakamura, Yuuko; Ono, Satoshi; Yoshimura, Toshiaki; Morita, Hiroyuki; Takakura, Makoto; Shiroishi, Akihiro

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00043-8

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…MCA facilitates the thermal decomposition of PA6, probably because it interferes with the hydrogenbonding network of the polymer and exhibits basic catalysis. [21,22] When 15 wt.-% MCA was added to PA6, the HRR curve for PA6/MCA is similar to that of pure PA6 (see Figure 5). The HRR peak for PA6/MCA only decreases 95 kW Á m À2 and the MLR curves (see Figure 6) for PA6/MCA and PA6 are almost the same.…”

Section: Combustion Of Mca þ Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 70%

Preparation and Combustion Properties of Flame Retardant Nylon 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

Wang

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

145

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Flame retardant Nylon 6 (PA6)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites have been prepared using direct melt intercalation technique by blending PA6, organophilic clay and conventional fire retardants, such as the melamine cyanurate (MCA) and the combination of decabromodiphenyl oxide (DB) and antimony oxide (AO). Their morphology and combustion properties are characterized by XRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UL‐94 test and Cone Calorimeter experiments. The flame retardant nanocomposites with MCA or DB and AO show lower heat release rate (HRR) peak compared to that of conventional flame retardant PA6. Meanwhile, the synergetic effect was studied between clay and DB‐AO.TEM of PA‐n nanocomposite.magnified imageTEM of PA‐n nanocomposite.

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Section: Combustion Of Mca þ Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 70%

Preparation and Combustion Properties of Flame Retardant Nylon 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

Wang

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

145

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“…It has been found that melamine and its derivatives are effective fire retardants for polyamides because they cause melt dripping and extinction of the flame without combustible drops; melamines are ineffective in the reinforced PA-6, since dripping is inhibited [17]. Shimasaki et al also found that PA-6 mixed with melamine is self-extinguishing while melamine is not effective for either polypropylene (PP) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) [18]. Reshetnikov et al investigated the efficiency of phosphoric acid derivatives in conjunction with pentaerythritol and/or melamine as fire retardants, and observed that the efficiency of intumescent systems depended on the thermal protection properties of the foamed char [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fire retardancy of melamine and zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Manzi-Nshuti

Hossenlopp

Wilkie

2008

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Abstract:The thermal and fire properties of PMMA modified with various loadings of melamine or zinc aluminum undecenoate LDH were evaluated using TGA, DTA and cone calorimetry. The additives were characterized by X-ray diffraction, TGA, FT-IR and elemental analysis. While the two additives are very effective with this polymer, a higher loading of melamine (30%) is required to reach a good reduction in PHRR (47%) relative to the pure polymer, while with the LDH, 10% loading is enough to obtain a similar reduction. The combinations of these additives in PMMA reveal that the time to PHRR and the amount of smoke produced are the key differences, with melamine increasing the first parameter and leading to less smoke production relative to LDH-rich PMMA

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“…Addition of 10 wt% of fire retardant cannot modify the fire performance of PP. In general, more than 30 wt% of fire retardant is required to provide self-extinguish property in thermoplastics [9,10]. In general, 10 wt% of APP or MPP is not enough to form char layer that can blockheat and oxygen from the combustion zone.…”

Section: Tensile Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy Effects of Wood Flour and Fire Retardants in Flammability of Wood-plastic Composites

Umemura¹,

Arao²,

Nakamura

et al. 2014

Energy Procedia

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Addition of wood flour improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastics, on the other hand it increases the burning speed of the materials. To modify the flammability of wood-plastic composites(WPC), various fire retardants, such as ammonium polysphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hydroxide were added to WPCs. Burning tests based on UL94 and cone calorimetry were conducted to evaluate a fire performance of WPCs with fire retardants. The addition of fire retardants could lead to self-extinguishing materials when 10 wt% of APP was used. However, in the case of pure polypropylene, addition of 10 wt% of APP did not improve the flammability. Wood flour accelerates the burning behavior of PP, but it can reduce the use of APP to achieve self-extinguishing materials. Synergy effects between wood flour and APP was confirmed. Wood flour facilitates the forming of foamed char layer by APP during the combustion. This protective char surface can reduce the heat and oxygen diffusion toward the WPCs. The effect of fire retardants of mechanical properties of WPCs was also investigated. Tensile strength and modulus of composites decreased with addition of fire retardants.

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Effect of the fire-retardant, melamine, on the combustion and the thermal decomposition of polyamide-6, polypropylene and low-density polyethylene

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Preparation and Combustion Properties of Flame Retardant Nylon 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

Preparation and Combustion Properties of Flame Retardant Nylon 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

Fire retardancy of melamine and zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Synergy Effects of Wood Flour and Fire Retardants in Flammability of Wood-plastic Composites

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