Effect of the Hot Water Extract of <i>Artocarpus camansi</i> Leaves on 2,4,6-Trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity in Mice

Abstract

Medicinal plants with reported anti-inflammatory activity could have the potential use as anti-allergens and inhibitors of allergic contact dermatitis reactions produced by allergens and chemicals. Some species from the genus Artocarpus were reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. In the Philippines one local source is Artocarpus camansi BLANCO (Moraceae), which is utilized as an ingredient of their cuisine, and decoction of leaves is used for diabetes and baths of people with rheumatism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hot water extract of A. camansi leaves on contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice. Contact hypersensitivity was induced using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). The results showed that the A. camansi hot water extract exhibited significant activity against the swelling produced during 24 h and 48 h post-challenge. The same responses were observed from the mice that received the kamansi ethanolprecipitate (KEP) and kamansi ethanol precipitate water-soluble (KEPWS) fractions. Since the high molecular mass fraction showed the significant activity, we therefore speculate that the compound responsible might be a polysaccharide and/or glycoprotein. In conclusion, our results suggest that the hot water extract of A. camansi leaves might be an effective natural product to treat allergic contact dermatitis. However, further investigations are required to understand the mechanisms involved.Key words Artocarpus camansi; Moraceae; contact hypersensitivity; regulatory T cell; ethanol precipitation Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common occupational skin disease and environmental health issue in industrialized countries with a great socio-economic impact.1,2) It is a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity characterized by redness, papules and vesicles, followed by scaling and dry skin. ACD is an inflammatory reaction mediated by T cell occurring at the site of challenge with a contact allergen, such as hapten, in sensitized individuals. The immunological mechanisms of ACD in humans can be studied chiefly from animal models referred to as contact hypersensitivity (CHS). It provides the option of studying many aspects of the immune system and basic immunological mechanisms in vivo, which is relevant not only for ACD but for a whole range of inflammatory diseases. 3)Glucocorticoids are the more common treatment for ACD but they have high level of undesirable effects. Most patients especially in developing countries, like the Philippines, still resort to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). This includes the use of herbal remedies, proving that plants are still one of the most important tools in drug research. Medicinal plants with reported anti-inflammatory activity could have the potential use as anti-allergens and inhibitors of ACD reactions produced by allergens and chemicals. 4) Some species from the genus Artocarpus were reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. 5) They are used as traditional folk medicine in South-East Asia for the treatment of inflammat...

Physicochemical characterization of Sargassum polcystum C. Agardh and its activity against dinitrofluorobenzene-induced allergic contact dermatitis in mice

“…Allergic contact dermatitis was induced in BALB/c mice according to a published method done by Saint-Mezard et al (2004), Salonga et al (2014), andYu et al (2017). The mice were sensitized by painting their shaven abdominal skin (2x2 cm 2 ) with 100 µL of 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB, Sigma-Aldrich®) in a 4:1 acetone-olive oil solution.…”

“…Allergic contact dermatitis is a skin inflammatory disorder caused by T-cell mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity, which negatively affects the patient's quality of life (Salonga et al, 2014). ACD results from exposure to an allergen to which the patient has already been sensitized.…”

Effectiveness of Tinospora sinensis (Menispermaceae) extracts in dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) mice model

“…To study the suppression effect of the T. sinensis extracts, aqueous solutions of each of the following substances were administered separately and orally for 7 days right after the sensitization of the mice: Prednisolone (20 mg/ kg BW), ethanolic T. sinensis extract (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg BW), and aqueous T. sinensis extract (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg BW) [19].…”

“…The diameter of erythema was measured in mm through a Vernier caliper. The efficacy of the test samples was expressed in terms of % change in ear thickness and erythema scores [19].…”

Essential Oils of the Leaf, Stem-Bark, and Nut ofArtocarpus camansi: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

“…The ethanol extract of A. camansi leaf was antimalarial and antidiabetic, and was effective against various allergies (9,15,19). Friedenol, squalene, β-sistosterol, stigmasterol, and phytol were extracted from the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of A. camansi, and polyprenol, cycloartenol, and cycloartenol acetate from the stem (21).…”