Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Bixa orellana Linn (Bixaceae) Leaves on Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhea in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Objective The treatment of diarrheal diseases is a serious problem in developing countries, where population generally uses medicinal plants. The leaves of Bixa orellana have been reported to be traditionally used in the treatment of diarrhea by local people in the district of Khulna in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Bixa orellana leaves on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Methods The powder of the leaves of Bixa orellana was macerated in ethanol/water mixture (20/80) for 48 hours and then filtered. The filtrate obtained was lyophilized, and the solutions to be administered to the animals were prepared. To induce diarrhea, animals orally received castor oil (1 mL/100 g bw). To determine the effective doses, each mouse received, 30 minutes after the administration of castor oil, one of the single oral doses of hydroethanolic extract of Bixa orellana leaves: 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. The mass, number, and frequency of stool diarrhea were measured and recorded per hour for five hours. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Bixa orellana leaves on the intestinal transit was evaluated by measuring the distance traveled by the charcoal meal in thirty minutes. The effects of the aqueous extract of hydroethanolic extract of Bixa orellana leaves on intestinal secretion were evaluated by measuring the volume of the intestinal content and by dosing the electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl−) in the intestinal content by the colorimetric method. Results The extract produced significant (P < 0.01) decreases, respectively, 35.52%, 54.47%, 74.80%, and 87.80% in the severity of diarrhea. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg bw showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease of castor oil-induced enteropooling (61.08% and 65.41%), and only the 200 mg/kg bw exhibited significant (P < 0.01) reduction on intestinal transit (24.46%) as compared to standard drug. Conclusions The hydroethanolic extract was found to be effective against castor oil-induced diarrhea in experimental mice at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw which provides evidence that could justify its traditional use.

Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Activities of the Aerial Parts of Caralluma dalzielii N. E. Brown

“…However, the inhibition produced by the standard drug, loperamide, was more than that produced by the extract. Castor oil-induced diarrhea have been shown in previous studies to be inhibited by many plant extracts such as Crataegus azarolus, [35] Bixa orellana, [36] Vitex doniana, [37] and Entada africana. [38] In an attempt to suggest other possible mechanism of activity of the plant extract, the PE 2 enteropooling test was carried out.…”

Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan

“…Sumber daya alam bahan obat dan obat tradisional merupakan aset nasional yang perlu terusdigali, diteliti, dikembangkan dan dioptimalkan pemanfaatannya. Indonesia mempunyai tingkat keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, potensi sumber data tumbuhan yang ada merupakan suatu aset dengan nilai keunggulan komparatif dan sebagai suatu modal dasar utama dalam pemanfaatan dan pengembangan untuk menjadi komoditi yang kompetitif (6)Di dunia, tanaman obat merupakan sumber senyawa utama yang digunakan sebagai obat-obatan atau agen terapeutik (7). Pada beberapa negara, tanaman obat menjadi pengobatan alternatif bagi sebagian masyarakat yang tidak menggunakan pengobatan konvensional (8).Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan menyebutkan bahwa tanaman yang mengandung senyawa kimia tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan steroid berperan sebagai antidiare dari beberapa tanaman obat (9) Daun kelor mengandung senyawa yaitu tanin, flavonoid dan alkaloid, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meipengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kelor sebagai antidiare melalui metode transit intestinal yang diberikan terhadap mencit putih jantan.…”

“…Senyawa turunan tannin dan flavonoid memiliki aktifitas sebagai antimotilitas, antisekretori dan antibakteri (16). Tanin, flavonoid dan terpenoid bekerja dengan memblokir reseptor muskarinik atau bekerja pada reseptor μ opioid yang terletak di otot usus halus sehinggaperistaltik usus berkurang (7). (17)Selain itu, tanin memiliki efek antidiare karena merupakan adstringens yang dapat mendenaturasi protein pada mukosa usus.…”

Effects of hydroethanolic extract of Cameroonian propolis (Promax-c) on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice

“…Post, Hyderabad, India) at 0.3 mg/kg (AT0.3) intraperitoneally. Thirty (30) minutes after the administration of these treatments, each animal received orally 1 mL of activated charcoal meal (5% activated charcoal of arabic gum) and thirty (30) minutes later, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation and the abdomen was opened [32]. The intestine was removed and the distance from which charcoal meal progressed from the pylorus and the cecum was measured using the measuring tape, and expressed as a percentage of the total distance from the small intestine.…”