Effect of the inflammatory conditions and albumin presence on the corrosion behavior of grade 5 Titanium alloy in saliva biological solution

Abstract

The field of biomaterials imposes a multidisciplinary approach that requires the involvement of sciences such as biology, medicine, chemistry and materials engineering so that the material implanted in a living organism does not cause any adverse reaction. This research area of biomaterials is considered as fascinating and challenging. It's fascinating because of its potential applications and the need to improve the quality of life. It is challenging due to the various complexities it faces when biomaterials encounter biological environments for the longevity of life by maintaining or restoring tissue or organ functions. Metallic biomaterials are used as pivots for anchoring dental implants and as parts of orthodontic devices such as crowns and bridges of prostheses. Ti-6Al-4V is well known as a corrosion resistant alloy for dentistry applications due to this film of titanium oxide formed on its surface. However, the inflammatory conditions ad protein presence could affect the corrosion resistance of this alloy. Our research work aims to investigate the effect of albumin and inflammatory conditions to corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V in saliva Fusayama Meyer biological solution. In order to simulate the peri-implant inflammatory conditions in vitro studies were conducted with addition of hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen species, found during inflammation) and albumin the most typical protein of biological fluids. Electrochemical methods were applied for corrosion investigations. The results provide evidence that titanium’s alloy corrosion resistance is affected by inflammatory conditions and albumin presence in saliva biological solution.

Insight Into Corrosion of Dental Implants: From Biochemical Mechanisms to Designing Corrosion-Resistant Materials

“…Notably, Sousa et al recently demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration in mouthwash was able to reduce the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy under dynamic conditions simulating the hygiene protocol usually indicated in post-surgical implant placement [ 35 ]. Accordingly, other studies focusing on the role of H 2 O 2 as a by-product of the peri-implant inflammatory process also demonstrated a reduction of implant corrosion stability [ 21 , 36 ]. Yet, in a most unfavorable environmental condition, combining three oxidative agents (H 2 O 2 , lactic acid released from bacteria, and fluoride), the corrosion of the Ti surface considerably increased compared to the results of these substances alone [ 21 ].…”

“…Yet, in a most unfavorable environmental condition, combining three oxidative agents (H 2 O 2 , lactic acid released from bacteria, and fluoride), the corrosion of the Ti surface considerably increased compared to the results of these substances alone [ 21 ]. In the same way, some studies have also assigned the role of albumin, the most abundant protein in blood plasma, to reduce the kinetic of Ti surface passivation and accelerate the dissolution of the material [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Reactivity and Corrosion Behaviors of Ti6Al4V Alloy Implant Biomaterial under Metabolic Perturbation Conditions in Physiological Solutions

“…One of the best-known simulated environments used for reactivity and corrosion investigations of biomaterials is the Hanks’ solution [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Other solutions include Hanks’ with and without hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [ 17 ]; Hanks’ solution with and without albumin [ 20 ]; Ringer’s solution [ 21 ]; Fusayama Meyer [ 22 , 23 ]; Fusayama Meyer with addition of albumin and hydrogen peroxide [ 24 ]; Fusayama Meyer with addition of fluoride ions, hydrogen peroxide, and lactic acid [ 25 ]; artificial saliva [ 26 ]; artificial saliva with lactic acid [ 27 ]; saline solution 0.9% NaCl [ 28 ]; 0.1 M NaCl with 0.1 M lactic acid [ 29 ]; and phosphate buffered saline solution [ 30 ].…”

“…Lactic acid also may be present in the oral cavity and can also be found in food and beverages [ 31 , 32 ]. The reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), is used in this study to simulate the inflammatory conditions that can occur in the human body [ 24 ]. The results presented in this study are useful for a better understanding the degradation process and the effects over time of the main compounds responsible for the reactivity and corrosion of titanium alloy (based implants) in the biological or oral environment, as simulated by, respectively, hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid that are added to Hanks’ solution.…”

Anticorrosion Performance of the Electrochemically Grown Mixed Porous Oxide Films on Titanium Alloy in Biological Solution

“…Ti) and its alloys in both dental and orthopedic applications continues to be the first choice due to the ratio of high resistance to weight and corrosion resistance as well as excellent biocompatibility. Compared to other metallic materials such as stainless steel and Co–Cr alloys, better biocompatibility is the result of the instant formation of the TiO 2 layer, which leads to high resistance to corrosion and low toxicity in the fluid body environment . TiO 2 layers prepared by electrochemical oxidation have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their excellent performances in various applications such as photocatalysts, solar cells, gas sensors, and biomedical applications.…”