Anticorrosion Performance of the Electrochemically Grown Mixed Porous Oxide Films on Titanium Alloy in Biological Solution

Abstract

A thin porous mixed layer of TiO2–ZrO2 was grown on titanium–zirconium alloy surface by electrochemical oxidation. Further comparison of the corrosion behavior in Fusayama–Meyer biological solution was performed. Scanning electron microscopy surface morphology investigations confirm the presence of porous oxide film, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses provide a high amount of oxygen element in the porous film and a higher amount of Zr element, concluding the mixed nature of oxide film formed, TiO2–ZrO2. For corrosion investigations, electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization were applied. The corrosion investigations reveal better behavior of the thin porous mixed oxide layer on titanium alloy compared to the untreated alloy having on their surface the native oxide formed in contact with the air, confirming the possibility to improve the properties of such implant application in saliva solution.

Improved Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coatings on Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Ultrasonic Assistance for Potential Biomedical Applications

“…Meanwhile, the formed oxide coating has a porous structure which is very suitable for cell adhesion. [32,33] In recent years, constant voltage mode, constant current mode, and two-step voltage-increasing mode have formed the mainstream modes of microarc oxidation. [34][35][36][37] The constant voltage means that a constant voltage value is used to conduct during microarc oxidation, while the power for coating growth is insufficient in the late stage.…”

Pinching dynamics, extensional rheology, and stringiness of saliva substitutes

“…The artificial saliva formulations, including Sigma Aldrich solutions (FM S & PR S ) that replicate saliva's mineral and electrolyte properties are useful for the testing of dental equipment/alloys in the chemical environment of the oral cavity. [65][66][67][68]128 However, as viscosity also influences the rates of erosion-corrosion 129 and dissolution in drug delivery studies, [130][131][132] the lack of the shear-thinning effect consistent with values reported in natural saliva can lead to considerable inaccuracies. Similar problems arise for the mucin-containing formulations from Pickering Laboratories and Biochemazone.…”

“…The twelve commercially available formulations used in this study belong to two groups. Artificial saliva formulations (ASFs) are commonly used in dental and pharmaceutical research [64][65][66][67] to simulate the ion composition of saliva, and at least two ASFs, including Fusayama/Meyer 68 lack any macromolecular rheology modifiers, whereas all Biochemazone ASFs contain mucins. Dry mouth treatments (DMTs) contain polysaccharides like sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as rheology modifiers.…”

Using Applied Electrochemistry to Obtain Nanoporous TiO2 Films on Ti6Al4V Implant Alloys and Their Preclinical In Vitro Characterization in Biological Solutions

“…The creation of biofunctional films of titanium oxide through dielectric breakdown provides improved adhesion of the film to the substrate and helps in obtaining high-quality films with porous or nontubular structures by varying electrolytes, temperature, alloying elements, voltage, current density, and time. Furthermore, the anodic oxidation process can increase the thickness of the native oxide layer on the surfaces of the titanium materials to develop corrosion resistance and decrease the release of metal ions with toxic properties [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Various studies are reported in the specialized literature that deal with the subject of modifying the surfaces of titanium alloys by various methods to increase corrosion resistance in different environments that simulate the fluids of the human body [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”