Effect of the Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF) Produced by Entamoeba histolytica on the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) in the Skin of Guinea Pigs

The effect of an anti-inflammatory pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica on gene expression in the U-937 monocytic cell line

“…In vitro studies revealed that MLIF inhibits transcription of the I-309 pro-infl ammatory cytokine and the CCRI receptor for MIP-1α [28], as well as the VCAM-1 adhesion molecule [13]; nonetheless, the genetic expression of these molecules was not found to change when using microarrays, at least under the conditions that were provided and the time employed. The reason for these differences could be the time at which the cells were stimulated by MLIF (I-309 and CCR1), and the fact that VCAM-1 was detected in an in vivo model in which its expression was different.…”

“…MLIF interacts with the cells through a membrane receptor that contains mannose [9], and increases the number of pericentriolar microtubules [10], and cAMP concentration, without decreasing cGMP [11]. In vivo MLIF delays the arrival of MP in human Rebuck skin-windows, and inhibits delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) in guinea pigs and gerbils, weakening the expression of adhesion molecules (VLA-4 and VCAM-1) on MP and the vascular postcapillar endothelium [4,12,13].The monocytes/mononuclear phagocytes are an effective arm of the immune response, they are components of innate immunity because of their ability to recognize, engulf and kill potential pathogens, however their activity might not always be of benefi t to the host. Monocytes also coordinate additional host responses by synthesizing some infl ammatory mediators that can activate the adaptive immune response and establish defensive immunity.…”

“…MLIF interacts with the cells through a membrane receptor that contains mannose [9], and increases the number of pericentriolar microtubules [10], and cAMP concentration, without decreasing cGMP [11]. In vivo MLIF delays the arrival of MP in human Rebuck skin-windows, and inhibits delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) in guinea pigs and gerbils, weakening the expression of adhesion molecules (VLA-4 and VCAM-1) on MP and the vascular postcapillar endothelium [4,12,13].…”

A Pentapeptide Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Protects Brain Ischemia Injury by Targeting the eEF1A1/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway

“…It is also reported that MLIF can inhibit the expression of interleukin-1␤, interferon-␥, interleukin-5, and interleukin-6 and increase the expression of interleukin-10 in macrophages. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The anti-inflammatory effect of MLIF led us to the initial interest to test whether it can act inflammatory response in brain ischemia. We 17 and other laboratories 18 have found MLIF can remarkably protect brain ischemic injury with decreased ischemic volume changes.…”

Amebic monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor peptide ameliorates inflammation in CIA mouse model by downregulation of cell adhesion, inflammation/chemotaxis, and matrix metalloproteinases genes

“…In vivo, it delays mononuclear cell migration to the inflammatory focus in human skin [2,3]. The peptide is able to inhibit the expression of cell adhesion molecules very late antigen 4 and VCAM-1 in a dinitrochlorobenzene-hypersensitivity guinea pig model [4]. In addition, it has exhibited an astonishing systemic antiinflammatory effect in a BALB/c mouse model of carragenin-induced inflammation (personal observation).…”