Effect of the Nano Crystal Size on the X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Biogenic Hydroxyapatite from Human, Bovine, and Porcine Bones

Londoño‐Restrepo, Sandra M.; Jeronimo‐Cruz, Rodrigo; Millán-Malo, Beatríz; Rivera-Muñoz, Eric M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42269-9

Cited by 203 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Nowadays, there is increasing interest in different fields of nanomaterials such as tissue engineering. One of these is the hydroxyapatite from biological sources such as bovine due to their different applications [ 4 ]. In this case, hydroxyapatite obtained from cow, pig, and chicken bones was selected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Methods for Calculating Nano Crystal Size of Natural Hydroxyapatite Using X-Ray Diffraction

et al. 2020

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We report on a comparison of methods based on XRD patterns for calculating crystal size. In this case, XRD peaks were extracted from hydroxyapatite obtained from cow, pig, and chicken bones. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized through the thermal treatment of natural bones at 950 °C. XRD patterns were selected by adjustment of X-Pert software for each method and for calculating the size of the crystals. Methods consisted of Scherrer (three models), Monshi–Scherrer, three models of Williamson–Hall (namely the Uniform Deformation Model (UDM), the Uniform Stress Deformation Model (USDM), and the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM)), Halder–Wanger (H-W), and the Size Strain Plot Method (SSP). These methods have been used and compared together. The sizes of crystallites obtained by the XRD patterns in each method for hydroxyapatite from cow, pig, and chicken were 1371, 457, and 196 nm in the Scherrer method when considering all of the available peaks together (straight line model). A new model (straight line passing the origin) gave 60, 60, and 53 nm, which shows much improvement. The average model gave 56, 58, and 52 nm, for each of the three approaches, respectively, for cow, pig, and chicken. The Monshi–Scherrer method gave 60, 60, and 57 nm. Values of 56, 62, and 65 nm were given by the UDM method. The values calculated by the USDM method were 60, 62, and 62 nm. The values of 62, 62, and 65 nm were given by the UDEDM method for cow, pig, and chicken, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal size value was 4 nm for all samples in the H-W method. Values were also calculated as 43, 62, and 57 nm in the SSP method for cow, pig, and chicken tandemly. According to the comparison of values in each method, the Scherrer method (straight line model) for considering all peaks led to unreasonable values. Nevertheless, other values were in the acceptable range, similar to the reported values in the literature. Experimental analyses, such as specific surface area by gas adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were utilized. In the final comparison, parameters of accuracy, ease of calculations, having a check point for the researcher, and difference between the obtained values and experimental analysis by BET and TEM were considered. The Monshi–Scherrer method provided ease of calculation and a decrease in errors by applying least squares to the linear plot. There is a check point for this line that the slope must not be far from one. Then, the intercept gives the most accurate crystal size. In this study, the setup of values for BET (56, 52, and 49 nm) was also similar to the Monshi–Scherrer method and the use of it in research studies of nanotechnology is advised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Methods for Calculating Nano Crystal Size of Natural Hydroxyapatite Using X-Ray Diffraction

et al. 2020

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“… 5 , 6 According to recent research results, the size of the HAp crystal is reported to be 21 ± 9 nm in length and 6 ± 1.5 nm in width. 7 Moreover, the c -axis of HAp plates were often aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of collagen fibrils. 8 Many studies on bone tissue growth and regeneration are ongoing, and from a materials science point of view, the HAp crystal growth process occurs in the body in a specific morphology with micro/nanometer and atomic length scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite under Hydrothermal Conditions: Role of Sebacic Acid as an Additive

Amornkitbamrung

Hong

2020

ACS Omega

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a major inorganic component in bone minerals and is often used for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we synthesized HAp using sebacic acid as an additive at different pH values by a hydrothermal method. Sebacic acid, which has two carboxyl group ends of the carbonate chain, binds with Ca ions during the hydrothermal process to become a crystal nucleation site in (001) and at the same time could act as an inhibitor in a specific direction [i.e., (110)] for the HAp crystal growth. Sebacic acid and the hydroxyl ion (OH – ) are competitively attracted to the a ( b )-plane of HAp. Depending on the pH condition, the crystal growth resulted in different morphologies depending on the ratio of sebacic acid and hydroxide ions. It was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy that dicalcium phosphate anhydrous with HPO 4 was produced under acidic conditions and HAp was produced under neutral and basic conditions. The plate- and nanorod-HAp crystals’ preferential growth along the c -axis, which were obtained under neutral and basic conditions, was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Growth control in the c -axis direction of HAp is necessary for the understanding of crystallization of bone minerals because the mineral inside the collagen fibrils in bone tissue also shows a c -axis orientation.

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“…The X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained by using a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer (Tokyo, Japan) according to the method as reported by Hernández-Becerra et al (2020) [ 17 ]. The crystallite size (CS) was obtained with the Scherrer’s equation (Equation (1)) [ 21 ].

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the absolute degree of crystallinity (ADC) was obtained from X-ray diffraction data by measuring the ratio of the crystalline area and the total area in the diffractogram [ 21 ] (Equation (2)).

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Bioavailability in the Soluble and Insoluble Fibers Extracted from Opuntia ficus indica at Different Maturity Stages in Growing Rats

et al. 2020

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Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life for bone health. Therefore, an adequate calcium intake and a healthy life style constitute the main strategies to prevent the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures during adulthood. It has been demonstrated that inclusion of indigestible carbohydrates in foods can help improve calcium absorption in growing stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers extracted from O. ficus indica cladodes on calcium bioavailability. Male Wistar rats 4-week old were fed diets added with soluble and insoluble fibers extracted from O. ficus indica cladodes at early and late maturity stages, as the only source of calcium. The mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), physical, microstructural, and biomechanical properties of rat femurs were determined. The bones of rats fed with diets containing a soluble fiber extracted from O. ficus indica at early and late maturity stages exhibited better bone properties (resistance to fracture, microarchitecture, and calcium content) than control rats and rats fed with an insoluble fiber from O. ficusindica cladodes at both maturity stages. As expected, based on these results, the BMD values were higher in adolescent and pubertal rats fed with a diet containing the O. ficus indica soluble fiber. These results demonstrate that the soluble fiber from O. ficus indica cladodes is indeed a valuable source of bioavailable calcium, which contributes to improve physical, densitometric, biomechanical, and microstructural properties of bone in growing rats.

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Effect of the Nano Crystal Size on the X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Biogenic Hydroxyapatite from Human, Bovine, and Porcine Bones

Cited by 203 publications

References 37 publications

Comparing Methods for Calculating Nano Crystal Size of Natural Hydroxyapatite Using X-Ray Diffraction

Comparing Methods for Calculating Nano Crystal Size of Natural Hydroxyapatite Using X-Ray Diffraction

On the Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite under Hydrothermal Conditions: Role of Sebacic Acid as an Additive

Calcium Bioavailability in the Soluble and Insoluble Fibers Extracted from Opuntia ficus indica at Different Maturity Stages in Growing Rats

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