Effect of the Nematode Phasmarhabditis Hermaphrodita on Young
Stages of the Pest Slug Arion Lusitanicus

Grimm, Brigitte

doi:10.1093/mollus/68.1.25

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Biological control using the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), has been successfully used, not only against slugs (Grimm 2002), but also to some extent against snails (Coupland 1995). Grimm (2002) and Speiser et al (2001) This study is part of a larger research programme in which the effects of BTO as a molluscicide (the current study) and their ecotoxicological effects on both terrestrial (Hagner et al 2010a) and aquatic (Hagner et al 2010b) organisms were investigated. Here we aimed at 1) studying the toxic effect of BTO on populations of A. arbustorum in the laboratory by direct spray application, 2) exploring the efficacy of the distillate to repel A. arbustorum outdoors when painted on a Perspex ® fence, and 3) demonstrating the repelling effect (and duration) of a BTO barrier in a field with a high frequency of A. lusitanicus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, high numbers of iron phosphate pellets may increase earthworm mortality (Langan and Shaw 2006). Biological control using the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), has been successfully used, not only against slugs (Grimm 2002), but also to some extent against snails (Coupland 1995). Grimm (2002) and Speiser et al (2001) This study is part of a larger research programme in which the effects of BTO as a molluscicide (the current study) and their ecotoxicological effects on both terrestrial (Hagner et al 2010a) and aquatic (Hagner et al 2010b) organisms were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

Lindqvist¹,

Lindqvist²,

Tiilikkala³

2008

AFSci

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Populations of two molluscs, the land snail Arianta arbustorum and the Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus, have increased substantially in many places in the northern Fennoscandia in recent years. This has resulted in considerable aesthetic and economic damage to plants in home gardens and commercial nurseries. Birch tar oil (BTO), is a new biological plant protection product, and was tested against these molluscs. In this study we examined whether 2 types of BTO, used either alone, mixed together, or mixed with Vaseline ® , could be applied as 1) a biological plant protection product for the control of land snails by direct topical spray application, 2) as a repellent against snails when painted on a Perspex ® fence, and 3) as a repellent against slugs when smeared on pots containing Brassica pekinensis seedlings. Both the fences and the pots with seedlings were placed in each field with a high population of the target organism. When applied as a spray on snails, BTO did not act as a toxic pesticide but rendered the snails inactive for a period of several months. The BTO barriers were effective in repelling both snails and slugs. However, the repellent effect of BTO alone against the molluscs was short-term. Repeated treatments were required to keep the slugs away from the plants and we found that the interval between treatments should not exceed two weeks. A collar fastened around the rim of the pots, combined with the BTO treatment, did not give any additional benefit in hindering slugs from invading the plants. Most noticeably, the BTO+Vaseline ® mixture prevented the land snails from passing over the treated fences for up to several months. The results of these experiments provide evidence that BTO, especially when mixed with Vaseline ® , serves as an excellent long-term repellent against molluscs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

Lindqvist¹,

Lindqvist²,

Tiilikkala³

2008

AFSci

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show abstract

“…In some species, such as A. ater and A. lusitanicus, the ability to parasitise the host and the subsequent effect of P. hermaphrodita varies with size (and therefore age) of the host Grimm, 2002). Thus, Grimm (2002) found the smallest weight class of A. lusitanicus (0.15 g) suffered only 47% mortality, compared to 98% in D. reticulatum, but the largest weight class (0.45 g) experienced almost no mortality and did not differ significantly from the nematode-free control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditida) to mucus from potential hosts

Small

Bradford

2008

Nematol

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Host recognition behaviours were investigated in the Rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Infective juveniles were exposed to mucus samples from mollusc species of varying susceptibility (Arion hortensis agg., Deroceras reticulatum, Tandonia budapestensis, Helix aspersa, Limax flavus, Limax marginatus). Behavioural responses to the mucus were analysed using video-taped sequences. During contact with the mucus samples, infective juveniles decreased duration and frequency of forward crawling and increased frequency and duration of head thrusting and duration of head waving. Other host recognition behaviours identified included body waving and pushing. Most significant differences in behaviour recorded were between controls and during exposure to mollusc mucus; there were few significant differences between mollusc species. The results suggest that P. hermaphrodita forages by the 'cruise' method until mucus from potential hosts is encountered, but then concentrates its search behaviour, characterised by the decrease in forward crawling. However, there were no recorded behaviours that would differentiate between readily susceptible species and those with low or unknown susceptibility.

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“…However, some species are not susceptible such as Limax maximus (L.), Arion subfuscus Draparnaud and Arion hortensis Férussac (Grewal et al, 2003;Iglesias and Speiser, 2001). For certain other species including Arion lusitanicus Mabille, Arion ater (L.) and the snail Helix aspersa Mü ller, juveniles are known to be susceptible whereas adults are not Grimm, 2002;Wilson et al, 1993;Glen D.M., unpublished). Similarly, some snail species are susceptible whereas others are not (Wilson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility and immune response of Deroceras reticulatum, Milax gagates and Limax pseudoflavus exposed to the slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Rae

Robertson

Wilson

2008

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Effect of the Nematode Phasmarhabditis Hermaphrodita on Young Stages of the Pest Slug Arion Lusitanicus

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)

Behavioural responses of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditida) to mucus from potential hosts

Susceptibility and immune response of Deroceras reticulatum, Milax gagates and Limax pseudoflavus exposed to the slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

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